Connections and Interactions 1200-1450

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Questions and Answers

Match the following long-distance trade routes and their associated transport animals:

Camels = Central Asia and Sahara deserts Horses = Rideable for quick transport across land Oxen = Plowing and heavy load transport Donkeys = Used in mountainous terrains

Match the financial innovations with their functions in trade:

Credit = Enables borrowing money for trade Bills of Exchange = Facilitates payment across distances Urban-Based Banking Houses = Provides financial services in cities Merchant patronage = Supports trade ventures directly

Match the branches of Buddhism with their key characteristics:

Pure Land Buddhism = Emphasizes faith in Amitabha Buddha Chan Buddhism = Focuses on meditation and direct experience Mahayana Buddhism = Includes bodhisattvas for liberation aid Theravada Buddhism = Prioritizes the Buddha's original teachings

Match the maritime trade vessels with their regions of use:

Chinese Junks = Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia Arab dhows = Trade routes between Red Sea and Indian Ocean Viking longships = Norse trade and exploration Spanish galleons = Transatlantic trade routes Signup and view all the answers

Match the Islamic cultural assimilations with their significant structures:

The Great Mosque at Jenne = Mali, built in the 13th century Alhambra = Palace and fortress in Spain Sultan Ahmed Mosque = Architectural fusion in Turkey Qutb Minar = Victorious tower in Delhi, India Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of Buddhism with their predominant regions:

Mahayana Buddhism = East Asia Theravada Buddhism = Southeast Asia Zen Buddhism = Japan Tibetan Buddhism = Tibet and surrounding regions Signup and view all the answers

Match the animal types used in long-distance trade with their particular traits:

Camels = Adapted for desert climates Horses = Fast transportation and communication Oxen = Strength for heavy loads and farming Elephants = Used in warfare and heavy work in Asia Signup and view all the answers

Match the methods of trade facilitation with their definitions:

Credit = Revolving access to funds for merchants Bills of Exchange = Negotiable instruments for payment Exchange rates = Value determination of currencies Trade tariffs = Taxes levied on imported goods Signup and view all the answers

Match the historical trade routes with their importance:

Silk Road = Cultural and commercial exchange between East and West Trans-Saharan Trade = Transported salt and gold across the Sahara Maritime Silk Road = Facilitated trade through sea routes Indian Ocean Trade = Linked multiple continents by maritime exchanges Signup and view all the answers

Match the following long-distance trade routes with their descriptions:

Silk Roads = Linked western and eastern Eurasia for centuries to exchange goods and ideas Sea Roads = Connected distant peoples across the Indian Ocean basin Sand Roads = Linked North Africa with interior West Africa American Web = Connected indigenous communities across the Americas before European arrival Signup and view all the answers

Match the financial innovations in trade with their corresponding impacts:

Pochteca = Engaged in large-scale trading expeditions for the Aztecs Arabian Camel = Facilitated long-distance trans-Saharan trade Great Zimbabwe = Linked to the growth of Indian Ocean trade Melaka = A vital hub for trade between the East and West Signup and view all the answers

Match the following branches of Buddhism with their features:

Mahayana = Emphasizes the potential for all beings to achieve enlightenment Theravada = Focuses on the original teachings of the Buddha Zen = Incorporates meditation and mindfulness practices Tibetan = Includes unique rituals and the belief in reincarnation Signup and view all the answers

Match the maritime trade vessels with their regions and uses:

Dhows = Traditional sailing vessels used in the Indian Ocean Junks = Chinese wooden ships with a flat bottom for coastal trading Caravels = Small, highly maneuverable ships used in the Atlantic Galleons = Large multi-deck ships used for trade and warfare Signup and view all the answers

Match the Islamic cultural assimilation events with their time periods:

Crusades = 1095-1291, brought cultural exchanges between Europe and the Islamic world House of Wisdom = Established in 830 C.E., fostered scholarship and translation Ming Dynasty expansion = 1368-1644, expanded cultural influence to Southeast Asia Dunhuang development = Developed as a center of Buddhist learning Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their correct definitions:

House of Wisdom = Center established in Baghdad for Islamic scholarship Great Zimbabwe = Powerful state known for its stone enclosures Dunhuang = An oasis city and center of Buddhist learning Melaka = Port city vital for trade and Islamic learning in Southeast Asia Signup and view all the answers

Match the following goods with the trade routes they were commonly associated with:

Silk = Silk Roads Spices = Sea Roads Gold = Sand Roads Cacao = American Web Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cultural products with their associated trade regions:

Buddhist art = Silk Roads Islamic architecture = Sea Roads Stone sculptures = Great Zimbabwe Cotton textiles = Sand Roads Signup and view all the answers

Match the historical figures or groups with their trade-related roles:

Pochteca = Aztec merchants conducting extensive trade Abbasid Caliphate = Patron of the House of Wisdom Ming explorers = Expanded maritime trade networks Merchants of Melaka = Key players in Southeast Asian trade Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their relevant historical impact:

Crusades = Intensified cultural and trade exchanges Silk Roads = Facilitated the spread of technologies and ideas Sea Roads = Supported the economy of maritime states Sand Roads = Encouraged trade with North Africa and West Africa Signup and view all the answers

Match the following long-distance trade routes with their features:

Silk Roads = Connected Asia to Europe, facilitated trade of silk, spices, and other goods Sand Roads = Linked North Africa with sub-Saharan Africa primarily for gold and salt trade Indian Ocean Trade Routes = Connected East Africa, Arabia, and Southeast Asia for maritime trade Transatlantic Trade Route = Established trade networks linking Europe, Africa, and the Americas Signup and view all the answers

Match the financial innovations in trade with their descriptions:

Flying Cash = An early form of paper money developed in China for easier trade Letters of Credit = A financial document allowing one party to fulfill obligations without cash Bills of Exchange = A written order binding one party to pay a fixed sum to another on demand Joint Stock Companies = A business entity where different stocks can be bought and owned by shareholders Signup and view all the answers

Match the branches of Buddhism with their key characteristics:

Theravada = Focus on personal enlightenment and adherence to original teachings Mahayana = Emphasis on compassion and the salvation of others Vajrayana = Incorporates esoteric practices and rituals, prevalent in Tibet Zen = Focuses on meditation and mindfulness as a path to enlightenment Signup and view all the answers

Match the maritime trade vessels with their purpose:

Dhows = Traditional sailing vessels used in the Indian Ocean Junks = Chinese seafaring vessels with high stern and multiple sails Caravels = Small, highly maneuverable ships used during the Age of Discovery Galleons = Large, multi-deck ships utilized for long-distance sea trade Signup and view all the answers

Match the concepts of Islamic cultural assimilation with their examples:

Translation Movement = Preserved and translated ancient texts including Greek and Persian works Indianization = The spread of Indian cultural practices in Southeast Asia Sufism = A mystical branch of Islam emphasizing personal experience of God Ottoman Cultural Synthesis = Blending of diverse cultures under the Ottoman Empire's rule Signup and view all the answers

Match the key events with their historical significance:

Mongol World War = Led to the expansion and dominance of the Mongol Empire Black Death = Societal upheaval and population decline across Eurasia due to a pandemic The Fall of Constantinople = Marks the end of the Byzantine Empire and rise of Ottoman power The Columbian Exchange = A widespread transfer of goods, culture, and populations between the Old and New Worlds Signup and view all the answers

Match the technological innovations with their effects on trade:

Yokes = Improved effectiveness of oxen for agricultural work Saddlers = Enhanced horse-riding capabilities, promoting trade connections Stirrups = Increased stability for riders, facilitating faster travel Wheelbarrows = Allowed easier transport of goods across distant trade routes Signup and view all the answers

Match the empires with their historical context:

Mongol Empire = Established by Chinggis Khan, dominating Eurasia in the 13th century Ottoman Empire = An Islamic empire lasting over 600 years, connecting three continents Ming Dynasty = A Chinese dynasty known for maritime trade and cultural influence Yuan Dynasty = The Mongol dynasty that ruled over China, established after conquest Signup and view all the answers

Match the famous individuals with their contributions:

al-Razi = Wrote an extensive encyclopedia of medicine from various cultural perspectives Ibn Sina (Avicenna) = Pioneered medical and pharmacological studies that influenced Europe Ibn Rushd (Averroes) = Philosopher who interpreted Aristotle's work and influenced Western thought Zhang He = Led maritime expeditions that expanded Chinese influence across the seas Signup and view all the answers

Match the pandemics or crises with their outcomes:

Black Death = Resulted in major population loss and social restructuring in Europe Mongol Conquests = Facilitated cultural exchanges but also brought destruction Peasant Revolts = Occasioned by economic strains during periods of crisis The Great Plague = Paved the way for significant changes in societal attitudes toward health Signup and view all the answers

Match the following historical figures with their contributions:

Chinggis Khan = Founder of the Mongol Empire Timur = Turkic conqueror who reconnected the Silk Road Zheng He = Led maritime voyages expanding trade Mansa Musa = Ruler who spread the prestige of Islam Signup and view all the answers

Match the following trade routes with their characteristics:

Silk Road = Connected East and West for trade and cultural exchange Trans-Saharan trade route = Facilitated the spread of Islam into West Africa Maritime trade routes = Involved sea travel and exchange of goods across oceans Chaco trading network = Localized, modest trade within North America Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cultural practices with their respective influences:

Buddhism = Spread through trade and interaction with merchants Islam = Introduced to West Africa through pilgrimage Confucianism = Influenced by Chinese traditions under Khubilai Khan Algebra = Developed by scholars like al-Khwarazim Signup and view all the answers

Match the following voyages or expeditions with their sponsors or leaders:

Zheng He's voyages = Commissioned by Emperor Yongle Marco Polo's travels = Documented the East for Western readers Mansa Musa's hajj = Promoted Islamic influence and trade Timur's conquests = Reconnected various trade networks Signup and view all the answers

Match the following descriptions to their respective items related to long-distance trade:

Maritime vessels = Used for traveling across oceans in trade Camel caravans = Essential for trade across desert routes Silk textiles = Luxury item traded along the Silk Road Gold = Wealth used to promote trade in West Africa Signup and view all the answers

Match the following historical events with their significance:

Mansa Musa's hajj = Highlighted wealth and Islamic culture in West Africa Zheng He's expeditions = Expanded Chinese maritime trade influence Chaco Phenomenon = Cultural and architectural development in North America The establishment of the Yuan dynasty = A melding of Mongolian and Chinese traditions Signup and view all the answers

Match the following scholars with their areas of expertise or contributions:

al-Khwarazim = Significant contributions to algebra Ibn Battuta = Travelogue on Islamic culture in Africa Marco Polo = Explorer documenting East Asia Khubilai Khan = Ruler who embraced Chinese traditions Signup and view all the answers

Match the following regions with their historical trade routes:

Central Asia = Home to Samarkand along the Silk Road West Africa = Site of significant Islamic cultural exchange Northeastern China = Developed under the Yuan dynasty Northwestern New Mexico = Cultural center during the Chaco Phenomenon Signup and view all the answers

Match the following branches of Buddhism with their details:

Theravada Buddhism = Focuses on individual enlightenment, prevalent in Southeast Asia Mahayana Buddhism = Emphasizes universal compassion, popular in East Asia Tibetan Buddhism = Integrates local culture and practices Zen Buddhism = Stresses meditation and direct experience Signup and view all the answers

Match the following trade innovations with their descriptions:

Letter of credit = Enabled secure and reliable trade transactions Bills of exchange = Facilitated currency exchange without physical cash Merchants' guilds = Provided security and regulations for trade Joint stock companies = Allowed for shared investment in trade ventures Signup and view all the answers

Match the following trade routes with their regions:

Silk Roads = Eurasia Sea Roads = Indian Ocean Sand Roads = Trans-Saharan American Web = The Americas Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cities with their significance:

Dunhuang = Center of Buddhist learning Melaka = Trade hub in Southeast Asia Baghdad = House of Wisdom Great Zimbabwe = Stone enclosures related to trade Signup and view all the answers

Match the following classes with their descriptions:

Pochteca = Aztec professional merchants Ming Dynasty = Chinese dynasty expanding maritime trade Arabian Camel = Animal enhancing trans-Saharan trade Crusades = Religious wars affecting cultural exchange Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Silk Roads = Network facilitating exchange between East and West Sea Roads = Oceanic trade routes linking diverse peoples Sand Roads = Trails connecting North Africa to West Africa House of Wisdom = Scholarship center in Baghdad Signup and view all the answers

Match the following historical events with their contexts:

Crusades = Impact on trade between Europe and Islamic world Ming Dynasty = Increase in maritime trade Silk Roads = Linking East and West over centuries Great Zimbabwe = Growth due to Indian Ocean trade Signup and view all the answers

Match the following innovations with their effects:

Arabian Camel = Facilitated long trans-Saharan journeys House of Wisdom = Advancement of Islamic science Pochteca = Expansion of Aztec trade networks Ming Dynasty = Cultural influence in Southeast Asia Signup and view all the answers

Match the following trade networks with their key features:

Silk Roads = Land routes trading luxury goods Sea Roads = Trade of spices and textiles over water Sand Roads = Involvement of caravans and camels American Web = Interconnection of indigenous communities Signup and view all the answers

Match the following regions with their associated trade routes:

Eurasia = Silk Roads Indian Ocean = Sea Roads North Africa = Sand Roads The Americas = American Web Signup and view all the answers

Match the following culturally significant items with their respective groups:

Buddhism = Dunhuang Islamic scholarship = House of Wisdom Aztec commerce = Pochteca Indigenous culture = American Web Signup and view all the answers

Match the following historical figures with their primary contributions:

al-Razi = Vast encyclopedia of medicine Ibn Sina (Avicenna) = Philosophy of medicine and pharmacology Ibn Rushd (Averroes) = Translation and commentary on Aristotle Chinggis Khan = Establishment of the Mongol Empire Signup and view all the answers

Match the following events with their descriptions:

Mongol World War = Expansion of Mongol dominance across Eurasia Black Death = Devastating pandemic along trade routes Indianization = Spread of Indian cultural traditions in Southeast Asia Collapse of the Mongol Empire = Division into successor states Signup and view all the answers

Match the following empires with their geographic significance:

Ottoman Empire = Expanded across the Middle East and North Africa Ming Dynasty = Influenced maritime trade in Southeast Asia Yuan Dynasty = Mongol rule in China Il-Khanate of Persia = Subdivision of the Mongol Empire in Persia Signup and view all the answers

Match the following technological innovations with their effects on transportation:

Yokes = Improved camel transportation Saddlers = Enhanced horse riding efficiency Stirrups = Increased stability for riders Flying Cash = Eased currency transport and trade Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their relevance to trade:

Flying Cash = Form of paper money in trade Silk Roads = Major trade routes linking East and West Sand Roads = Trade routes across the Sahara Indianization = Cultural influence on trade practices Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diseases or pandemics with their impacts:

Black Death = Significant reduction in population Mongol World War = Expansion of military conflicts Indianization = Cultural exchanges in trade environments Mongol Empire collapse = Division into several states Signup and view all the answers

Match the following dynasties or empires with their timeframes:

Ottoman Empire = 1299-1922 Ming Dynasty = 1368-1644 Yuan Dynasty = 13th century establishment Il-Khanate = 13th century to 14th century Signup and view all the answers

Match the following scholars with their fields of study:

al-Razi = Medicine and clinical observations Ibn Sina (Avicenna) = Philosophy and pharmacology Ibn Rushd (Averroes) = Philosophy and mathematics Chinggis Khan = Empire building and military strategy Signup and view all the answers

Match the following regions with their historical influences:

Southeast Asia = Influenced by Indianization Middle East = Expansion of the Ottoman Empire Eurasia = Affected by the Mongol World War China = Site of the Ming Dynasty's maritime trade Signup and view all the answers

Match the technological innovations with their associated animal usage:

Yokes = Camels Saddlers = Horses Stirrups = Riding animals Flying Cash = Trade transactions Signup and view all the answers

Match the following historical figures with their notable achievements:

Chinggis Khan = Founded the Mongol Empire Mansa Musa = Undertook a famous pilgrimage to Mecca Zheng He = Led seven maritime voyages Temujin = Unified various Mongol tribes Signup and view all the answers

Match the following historical events with their descriptions:

Chaco Phenomenon = Period of significant cultural activity in New Mexico Hajj of Mansa Musa = Pilgrimage that spread the prestige of Islam Zheng He's voyages = Expedition that expanded Chinese maritime trade Timur's Empire = Reconnected the Silk Road network Signup and view all the answers

Match the following events with their geographical significance:

Samarkand = Prominent center of trade on the Silk Road Mali Empire = West African Islamic influence Yuan dynasty = Established in China by Khubilai Khan Chaco Canyon = Cultural hub in northwestern New Mexico Signup and view all the answers

Match the following explorers with their contributions:

Marco Polo = Wrote The Book of Ser Marco Polo Ibn Battuta = Documented travels in Asia and Africa Zheng He = Expanded Chinese maritime influence Timur = Established a vast empire in Central Asia Signup and view all the answers

Match the following scholars with their respective fields:

al-Khwarazim = Made contributions to algebra Mansa Musa = Influential in Islamic promotion in West Africa Ibn Battuta = Provided cultural insights on Islamic society Temujin = Skilled in warfare and empire-building Signup and view all the answers

Match the following titles with the historical figures:

Zheng He = Chinese admiral and maritime navigator Yongle = Ming emperor who commissioned expeditions Khubilai Khan = Grandson of Chinggis Khan ruling in China Timur = Turkic conqueror of the 14th century Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cities with their historical contexts:

Samarkand = Oasis city on the Silk Road Chaco Canyon = Location of major Native American settlements Nanjing = Capital of the Yuan dynasty under Khubilai Khan Timbuktu = Center of trade and education in West Africa Signup and view all the answers

Match the following explorers with the times they traveled:

Marco Polo = 13th century travels to China Ibn Battuta = Mid-14th century travels to West Africa Zheng He = Early 15th century maritime voyages Khubilai Khan = 13th century establishment of Yuan dynasty Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their correct definitions:

Timur = Turkic conqueror who reconnected the Silk Road Mansa Musa = Ruler known for Islamic pilgrimage and wealth Chaco Phenomenon = Cultural explosion in New Mexico al-Khwarazim = Mathematician known for algebra Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Buddhist schools with their key beliefs:

Pure Land Buddhism = Salvation by faith in Amitabha Buddha Chan Buddhism = Emphasis on meditation and direct experience Mahayana Buddhism = Importance of bodhisattvas in helping sentient beings Theravada Buddhism = Focus on the Buddha's teachings and meditation practice Signup and view all the answers

Match the following historical trade innovations with their functions:

Credit = Enables merchants to borrow money Bills of Exchange = Facilitates long-distance financial transactions Urban-Based Banking Houses = Support for extensive trade networks Frame and Mattress Saddle = Enhances camel load capacity for trade Signup and view all the answers

Match the following animal types with their roles in trade:

Camels = Transport goods across deserts Horses = Used for rapid transportation and communication Oxen = Pull heavy loads and agricultural equipment Elephants = Carrying large quantities of goods over land Signup and view all the answers

Match the following structures with their historical significance:

The Great Mosque at Jenne = Symbol of Islamic architecture in Mali Chinese Junks = Key vessels in maritime trade across Asia Arab dhows = Used in trade routes between the Red Sea and Indian Ocean Strait of Melaka = Important hub for Indian Ocean trade Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to Buddhism with their definitions:

Bodhisattvas = Enlightened beings who assist others in liberation Mahayana Buddhism = Major branch promoting the role of bodhisattvas Theravada Buddhism = Emphasizes individual enlightenment through meditation Chan Buddhism = Focuses on meditation over doctrinal study Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their historical contexts:

Frame and Mattress Saddle = Facilitates long-distance camel trade Urban-Based Banking Houses = Development of financial systems in cities Strait of Melaka = Growth of trade during the Melaka Sultanate Chinese Junks = Expansion of maritime trade in the Indian Ocean Signup and view all the answers

Match the following innovations with their impacts on trade:

Credit = Allows for buy-now-pay-later schemes Bills of Exchange = Facilitates risk management in trade Animal Power = Enhances capacity for goods transport Urban Banking houses = Establishment of credit systems in urban centers Signup and view all the answers

Match the following features with their corresponding Buddhist traditions:

Pure Land Buddhism = Salvation through faith Theravada Buddhism = Strict adherence to the original teachings of Buddha Mahayana Buddhism = Focus on helping others achieve enlightenment Chan Buddhism = Emphasis on intuition and meditation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vessels with their distinct characteristics:

Chinese Junks = Multi-masted vessels for oceanic trade Arab dhows = Traditional sailing vessels optimal for Indian Ocean routes Frame and Mattress Saddles = Innovative support for cargo transport by camels Strait of Melaka = Narrow channel vital for maritime navigation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Connections and Interactions 1200-1450

Silk Roads & Sea Roads: Transcontinental trade routes linking East & West from 1200-1450. Facilitated the exchange of goods, ideas, and technologies.
Dunhuang: Oasis city on the Silk Road, significant for Buddhist learning, painting, and sculpture.
Ming Dynasty: Ruling China from 1368-1644, expanded maritime trade and cultural influence to Southeast Asia.
Great Zimbabwe: Southeastern Africa state, tied to Indian Ocean trade, known for impressive stone enclosures.
Melaka: Major port city in Southeast Asia, center of trade and Islamic learning by the 1400s.
Pochteca: Professional traders amongst the Aztecs, engaged in large-scale trading expeditions within and outside their empire.
Sand Roads: Trans-Saharan trade routes connecting North Africa, Mediterranean world, and interior West Africa, facilitated the exchange of goods, ideas & technology.
Arabian Camel: Revolutionized trans-Saharan trade, could travel ten days without water making the long trek possible.

Mongol World War

Mongol Empire: Established by Chinggis Khan in the 13th Century, connected Eurasia, and was divided into several successor states:
- Yuan Dynasty: Founded by Kubilai Khan, ruled over China.
- Khanate of the Golden Horde: Controlled parts of Russia.
- Khanate of the Jagadai: Controlled Central Asia
- Il-Khanate of Persia: Controlled Persia.

Religious Influences

Crusades: Series of religious wars from 1095-1291 launched by Europe against Islam, impacted trade, technology, and cultural exchange between Europe and Islamic world.
House of Wisdom: Center for scholarship in Baghdad, established in 830 C.E. by Abbasid caliph al-Mamun. Vital for Islamic science and scholarship.
Pure Land Buddhism: Popular expression of Buddhism in China, emphasized salvation by faith in the Amitabha Buddha.
Chan Buddhism (Zen Buddhism): Emphasized meditation and direct experience over doctrinal study.
Mahayana Buddhism: Major branch of Buddhism, spread throughout Central and East Asia. Emphasizes the importance of bodhisattvas.
Theravada Buddhism: Predominates in Southeast Asia, focuses on the Buddha’s teachings and enlightenment through meditation and practice.
Bodhisattvas: Enlightened beings who help guide sentient beings in Mahayana Buddhism.

Technological Innovations

Yokes, Saddles, Stirrups: Innovations for long-distance transportation.
"Flying Cash": First form of paper money developed in China. Used in many parts of the Islamic world, simplified currency transport, and trade.
"Frame and Mattress" Saddle: Enabled camels to carry heavier loads for long-distance trade.
"Credit", "Bills of Exchange", "Urban-Based Banking Houses": Financial innovations aiding trade network growth.
Animal Power: The Use of Camels, Horses, and Oxen: Vital for transporting goods and people across vast distances.
Chinese Junks & Arab dhows: Large vessels used in maritime trade throughout the Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia.

Significant Groups & Individuals

Ottoman Empire: Islamic empire (1299-1922), expanded across the Middle East, North Africa, and Southeast Europe.
Zheng He: Muslim eunuch and Chinese admiral, led seven large-scale maritime voyages into the Indian Ocean (1405-1433). These voyages expanded Chinese trade and cultural influence.
Yongle: Ming emperor who commissioned Zheng He's voyages.
Marco Polo: Venetian merchant and explorer, visited China and wrote "The Book of Ser Marco Polo".
Mansa Musa: Ruler of the Mali Empire, undertook the hajj to Mecca in 1324, showcasing the importance of Islam and introducing West Africa to the Islamic world.
Ibn Battuta: Moroccan traveler who visited West Africa in the mid-14th century, his travelogue documented Islamic society in West Africa.
Timur: Turkic conqueror (late 14th C), established a vast empire which reconnected the Silk Road.

Key Events

Black Death: Devastating pandemic (1346-1353), spread across Eurasia, impacted world population and social structures.
"Indianization": Spread of Indian cultural traditions like religion, language, and artistic styles across Southeast Asia.
Chaco Phenomenon: Period of significant building and cultural activity in northwestern New Mexico (860-1130 C.E.), included construction of large settlements, roads, and ceremonial structures.

Key Islamic Scholars

Al-Khwarazim: Made significant contributions to the development of algebra, spread the use of Arabic numerals.
Al-Razi: Wrote a vast encyclopedia of medicine, drew upon Greek, Syrian, Indian, and Persian sources.
Ibn Sina (Avicenna): Physician and philosopher, made significant contributions to the study of medicine and pharmacology.
Ibn Rushd (Averroes): Philosopher who translated and commented on Aristotle. Made major contributions to law, mathematics, and medicine.

Silk Roads & Sea Roads

A network of trade routes that connected Eurasia from 1200-1450, facilitating the exchange of goods, ideas, and technologies.
Examples of cities include Dunhuang (western China), center for Buddhist learning, and Melaka (Southeast Asia), Islamic center of trade.

Global Trade Networks

Sea Roads connected people across the Indian Ocean basin.
Sand Roads connected North Africa and the Mediterranean world with West Africa.
American Web connected indigenous communities across the Americas before European arrival.
Animals critical to long-distance trade networks, including Arabian camels, horses, and oxen, provided transport for goods and people.
Mongol World War (13th century) brought about changes to trade and the movement of peoples.

Empires and Trade

Mongol Empire (13th century) expanded Mongol dominance across Eurasia but collapsed into successor states like the Yuan Dynasty in China.
Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) expanded Chinese maritime trade and cultural influence in Southeast Asia.
Ottoman Empire (1299-1922) expanded across the Middle East, North Africa, and Southeast Europe.
Great Zimbabwe was a powerful state that emerged in southeastern Africa, linked to the growth of Indian Ocean trade.

Cultural Exchange

"Indianization" describes how Indian cultural traditions (religion, language, art) spread across Southeast Asia.
Pure Land Buddhism, a popular expression in China, emphasized salvation through faith in the Amitabha Buddha.
Chan Buddhism (Zen Buddhism) emphasized meditation and direct experience.
Mahayana Buddhism spread widely in Central and East Asia, emphasizing the importance of bodhisattvas.
Theravada Buddhism, predominant in Southeast Asia, focuses on Buddha's teachings and achieving enlightenment through practice.
Bodhisattvas are enlightened beings in Mahayana Buddhism who help others achieve spiritual liberation.

Innovation and Technology

Yokes, saddles, stirrups: Innovations that improved transportation with animals, enabling trade expansion.
"Flying Cash" (paper money) was developed in China and became common in the Islamic world, facilitating trade.
"Frame and Mattress" Saddle: Allowed camels to carry heavier loads, crucial for long-distance trade.
Urban-based banking houses, credit, bills of exchange: Financial developments that enabled merchants to borrow, extend credit, and conduct transactions across long distances.

Important People and Events

Chinggis Khan founded the Mongol Empire, uniting Mongol tribes and leading the Mongol World War.
Khubilai Khan established the Yuan dynasty in China, embracing Chinese traditions.
Timur conquered Central Asia in the late 14th century and reconnected the Silk Road network.
Zheng He (Muslim eunuch and admiral) led seven maritime voyages into the Indian Ocean (1405-1433), expanding Chinese trade and cultural influence.
Yongle, the Ming emperor, commissioned Zheng He's expeditions.
Marco Polo, a Venetian merchant, visited China and wrote "The Book of Ser Marco Polo" about his travels, providing Westerners with information about East Asia.
Mansa Musa, ruler of the Mali Empire, undertook the hajj to Mecca in 1324, introducing West Africa to the Islamic world.
Ibn Battuta, a Moroccan traveler, visited West Africa in the mid-14th century, documenting Islamic society and cultural practices.
The Black Death (1346-1353) was a devastating pandemic that spread across Eurasia through trade routes like the Silk Road, impacting population and social structures.

Important Islamic Scholars

Al-Khwarazim was a mathematician who made significant contributions to algebra and the spread of Arabic numerals.
Al-Razi was a physician who wrote a vast medical encyclopedia based on Greek, Syrian, Indian, Persian, and his own observations.
Ibn Sina (Avicenna) was a physician and philosopher who made significant contributions to medicine and pharmacology.
Ibn Rushd (Averroes) translated and commented on Aristotle, making contributions to law, mathematics, and medicine.

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Description

Explore the intricate trade networks and cultural exchanges that shaped the world from 1200 to 1450. This quiz covers transcontinental routes like the Silk Roads and Sea Roads, influential cities such as Dunhuang and Melaka, and the role of the Ming Dynasty in maritime trade. Test your knowledge on how these interactions influenced economies and societies across continents.