Chapter 8: Managing Conflict
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Questions and Answers

What can hinder parties from recognizing superordinate goals?

  • Increased hostilities (correct)
  • High levels of professionalism
  • Limited communication among professionals
  • An abundance of budget surpluses
  • What might be necessary before promoting cooperation through superordinate goals?

  • A cooling off period (correct)
  • Increased competition among professions
  • An evaluation of individual performance
  • A break in regular meetings
  • How was the Psychological Evaluation Unit structured?

  • As a multidisciplinary cross-section of professionals (correct)
  • With a sole focus on psychiatry
  • By prioritizing budget management over professional roles
  • As a homogeneous group with similar backgrounds
  • What aspect of professionalism was emphasized in the Psychological Evaluation Unit?

    <p>Presentation of oneself as a professional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary responsibility of the Psychological Evaluation Unit?

    <p>Running a training program for interns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which circumstance could potentially weaken interprofessional cooperation in the unit?

    <p>Increased hostilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is crucial for the unit to function properly?

    <p>Influential collaboration among all professions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the budget situation of the hospital at the time the unit was created?

    <p>Running budget surpluses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Max's proposed standard for an acceptable absenteeism rate?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following individuals questioned Max's excuses for absenteeism?

    <p>Megan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Jerry contribute to the discussion regarding Max's absenteeism?

    <p>By detailing Max's excuses and providing commentary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What argument did Laura present regarding Max's attendance?

    <p>An absence rate of one day every two months is sufficient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the general reaction of the group to Jerry's introduction of issues regarding Max?

    <p>They tended to hang back and hesitate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best reflects Megan's view on Max's attendance?

    <p>An emergency should be the only acceptable excuse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The discussion primarily focused on evaluating which aspect of Max's performance?

    <p>His reliability in attendance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the conversation, how did Jerry ask the group to respond to Max’s proposed absenteeism rate?

    <p>To evaluate and share their opinions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do shifting levels of abstraction have on problem definition?

    <p>They support creative thinking and flexibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Volkema's argument highlight about problem formulations in conflict resolution?

    <p>Some formulations lead to more creative and effective solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main purpose of creating the evaluation unit?

    <p>To consolidate diagnostic techniques.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can hinder parties from exploring alternative problem definitions?

    <p>A tendency to suppress conflicts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who chaired most meetings and represented the unit in the hospital bureaucracy?

    <p>Jerry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the identification of problem formulations in a conflict difficult?

    <p>People may consciously avoid clear problem statements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributed to the other staff members feeling intimidated during discussions?

    <p>Jerry's forceful style of leadership.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characters attempted to encourage others to speak up in meetings?

    <p>Alberto and Laura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do discussions play in understanding problem formulations?

    <p>They can help infer problem definitions when explicit statements are lacking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant concern for the members of the evaluation unit?

    <p>Maintaining the unit's survival amid budget cuts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome when parties are stuck in a conflict?

    <p>They have failed to explore more creative definitions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Jerry's leadership style affect group discussions?

    <p>It limited the participation of other staff members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do problem formulations affect the conflict resolution process?

    <p>They determine the likelihood of reaching effective solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complexity is introduced as a group works on an issue during conflict?

    <p>Problem formulations may change over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What external pressure influenced decision-making in the evaluation unit?

    <p>The hospital board's interest in budget cuts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups felt overshadowed in discussions?

    <p>The other two psychiatrists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one primary challenge in managing conflict between parties?

    <p>The inability to agree on a problem definition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique did Volkema develop to assist in conflict management?

    <p>Problem-Purpose Expansion Technique.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential reaction when individuals feel threatened in a conflict?

    <p>They are likely to react in a counterproductive way.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is problem formulation important in conflict management?

    <p>It restricts the range of solutions considered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one option for defining problems in conflict, as suggested in the content?

    <p>Using a complex definition that includes all issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does limiting the definition of problems have on conflict resolution?

    <p>It channels thinking and limits solution possibilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one proposed benefit of taking time to collect oneself when confronted with conflict?

    <p>To prevent counterproductive reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the reframing of conflict aim to achieve?

    <p>To develop a shared definition of the issue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the narrowest formulation regarding the selection of procedures for the project teams?

    <p>Selection of Tom’s procedure for the project teams.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formulation allows for a greater number of possible solutions?

    <p>Selection of the best possible procedure for making decisions in the research meetings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the first formulation influence the focus of the parties involved?

    <p>They might concentrate on improving Tom’s procedure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implied by the broadest problem formulation?

    <p>Members might agree that some procedures should be discarded.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formulation opens up possibilities for various actions than the previous ones?

    <p>To make the best possible decisions in the project teams.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the second formulation focus on that differs from the first?

    <p>Finding a variety of decision procedures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of the broadest formulation compared to the others?

    <p>It leads to consideration of multiple procedures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reflects a primary action stemming from the first formulation?

    <p>Efforts to improve Tom’s procedure to gain acceptance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chapter 8: Managing Conflict

    • Self-management is the optimal approach to managing conflict; solutions worked out by all parties are often more appropriate and effective than those created by outsiders.
    • Collaboration is the most effective way of managing conflicts, but compromise or other styles may be necessary depending on the circumstances.
    • The normative model, presented in Chapter 1, suggests initially differentiating between parties and the issues, then integrating to find a mutually acceptable solution.
    • Differentiation is crucial for integration. Parties need to understand each other's interests, issues, and positions to find common ground.
    • Differentiation involves expressing differences, but it's important to avoid spiralling escalation or avoidance.
    • Effective conflict management often involves a combination of competing and collaborating styles.
    • Competing signals commitment to a position; collaborating moves parties toward mutual acceptance.
    • Framing problems as issues, rather than blaming people, is key to effective conflict management. The suggested format is "I have a problem. When you do X, Y results, and I feel Z."
    • Understanding the other parties' perspectives is vital in constructive conflict management.
    • The Problem-Purpose Expansion (PPE) Technique can be used to help parties define problems in more comprehensive ways. This technique uses an infinitive + object + qualifier (e.g., to convince neighbors that a sidewalk is needed) to broaden perspectives. Further reformulating the problem, for example, "to convince neighbours that a sidewalk is needed in order to get neighbors to pay for the sidewalk installation" further opens up solution possibilities.
    • Different dispute resolution systems in organizations (interest-based, rights-based, or power-based) influence the most effective conflict-management approaches. Interest-based systems try to meet the underlying interests of all parties, rights-based systems appeal to independent standards, and power-based systems rely on coercion.
    • Forgiveness is important in overcoming deep transgressions, particularly when the conflict causes a harm and distrust. Forgiveness can, in turn, help restore a relationship.
    • Empathy, fear of isolation, the need to resolve hurt and resentment, a desire to restore the relationship, and acknowledging conciliatory behaviours are key factors in considering forgiveness.

    Managing Conflicts Within Organizations

    • Understanding organisational conflict approaches (e.g., interest-based, rights-based, power-based) is key to resolving conflicts effectively.
    • Organizational dispute resolution can use formal programmes like grievance procedures or mediation offices for dispute resolutions.

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    Description

    Explore the essential strategies and theories for managing conflict effectively in Chapter 8. This chapter emphasizes the importance of self-management and collaboration, as well as understanding different perspectives to achieve mutually acceptable solutions. Dive into the normative model and learn how differentiation and integration play crucial roles in conflict resolution.

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