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Questions and Answers
What aspect of communication considers the required level of formality?
What aspect of communication considers the required level of formality?
Which form of communication relies heavily on facial expressions and body language?
Which form of communication relies heavily on facial expressions and body language?
Which dimension is defined as the use of touch to convey unspoken messages?
Which dimension is defined as the use of touch to convey unspoken messages?
What is an example of low context culture communication?
What is an example of low context culture communication?
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Which of the following is NOT a dimension of non-verbal communication?
Which of the following is NOT a dimension of non-verbal communication?
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Which color is commonly associated with appetite stimulation in restaurants?
Which color is commonly associated with appetite stimulation in restaurants?
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What does the term sarcasm refer to in communication?
What does the term sarcasm refer to in communication?
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What is chronemics in the context of communication?
What is chronemics in the context of communication?
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What is the primary purpose of feedback in communication?
What is the primary purpose of feedback in communication?
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Which type of noise refers specifically to environmental factors affecting communication?
Which type of noise refers specifically to environmental factors affecting communication?
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In the Linear model of communication, which element is missing that is crucial for effective understanding?
In the Linear model of communication, which element is missing that is crucial for effective understanding?
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Which model emphasizes the interactive experience between individuals engaged in communication?
Which model emphasizes the interactive experience between individuals engaged in communication?
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What distinguishes the Transactional model of communication from the other models?
What distinguishes the Transactional model of communication from the other models?
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Which type of message is classified under verbal communication?
Which type of message is classified under verbal communication?
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How is the message defined in the context of communication?
How is the message defined in the context of communication?
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What role does paralanguage play in non-verbal communication?
What role does paralanguage play in non-verbal communication?
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What does communication emphasize about the relationship between the sender and the receiver?
What does communication emphasize about the relationship between the sender and the receiver?
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Which characteristic of communication describes its ability to influence many interconnected elements?
Which characteristic of communication describes its ability to influence many interconnected elements?
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Why is communication considered irreversible?
Why is communication considered irreversible?
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In the communication process, what is the role of the receiver?
In the communication process, what is the role of the receiver?
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What does the proactive aspect of communication involve?
What does the proactive aspect of communication involve?
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What is the primary goal of an informative speech?
What is the primary goal of an informative speech?
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Which trait is NOT typically associated with a competent intercultural communicator?
Which trait is NOT typically associated with a competent intercultural communicator?
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What type of speech is characterized by exact repetition of written words?
What type of speech is characterized by exact repetition of written words?
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What should a speaker primarily consider when choosing a topic for a speech?
What should a speaker primarily consider when choosing a topic for a speech?
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Which type of speech focuses on influencing the thoughts and feelings of listeners?
Which type of speech focuses on influencing the thoughts and feelings of listeners?
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What is the main characteristic of extemporaneous speech delivery?
What is the main characteristic of extemporaneous speech delivery?
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Which of the following is NOT a principle of speech writing?
Which of the following is NOT a principle of speech writing?
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What is considered the most important tool in oral communication?
What is considered the most important tool in oral communication?
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What is the primary purpose of maintaining eye contact with listeners?
What is the primary purpose of maintaining eye contact with listeners?
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Why is articulation crucial in public speaking?
Why is articulation crucial in public speaking?
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What role does attire play in public speaking?
What role does attire play in public speaking?
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What should a speaker consider regarding their movement on stage?
What should a speaker consider regarding their movement on stage?
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How do facial expressions impact audience engagement?
How do facial expressions impact audience engagement?
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Study Notes
Communication: Definition and Nature
- Communication comes from the Latin word "communicare," meaning "common."
- It aims to establish a shared understanding between the sender and receiver.
- It is a systematic process, with interconnected parts influencing each other.
- Communication is irreversible: once something is said, it can't be taken back.
- It's proactive: speakers have goals and anticipate responses from their audience.
- Communication is symbolic interaction: it involves using symbols to build relationships.
- Communication involves encoding and transmitting messages (ideas, information, feelings) using symbols.
- The receiver decodes the message and encodes feedback, sending it back to the sender.
Communication Process
- Sender: Initial source of information, often called the encoder, determines the purpose of the communication.
- Receiver: The target of the communication, the reason it is created.
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Message: The core of communication, conveyed through verbal or nonverbal signals.
- Verbal communication: Spoken, written, visual (signs, symbols), and electronic.
- Nonverbal communication: Expressed through paralanguage (tone, volume), gestures, facial expressions, etc.
- Channel: The medium or means through which the message is transmitted.
- Feedback: The receiver's response to the sender, indicating message comprehension.
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Barriers: Also known as noise, anything interfering with message transmission.
- Physical noise: From the environment
- Psychological noise: Mental or emotional distractions
- Semantic noise: Language barriers
Communication Models
- Linear Model (Shannon & Weaver, 1949): A one-way process with five elements: source, transmitter, channel, receiver, and destination. Criticized for lacking feedback.
- Interactive Model (Schramm, 1954): A two-way process emphasizing shared experiences between communicators. Includes feedback.
- Transactional Model (Barnlund, 2008): A dynamic, simultaneous, two-way process with feedback occurring even before the message is fully sent.
Dimensions of Communication
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Verbal Communication:
- Spoken: Conversations, speeches, etc.
- Written: Texts, letters, etc.
- Registers: Evaluating the level of formality to maintain respect in different situations.
- Intention: The reason behind words, the message the sender wants to convey.
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Nonverbal Communication: How we act and present ourselves, including:
- Paralanguage: Tone, volume, hesitation, etc.
- Sarcasm: Saying one thing but meaning the opposite.
- Gifts: Symbolic meanings, like red roses representing love.
- Colors: Evoking specific feelings and associations (e.g., yellow and orange in fast food restaurants).
- Chronemics: Perception and reaction to time in communication.
- Haptics: Use of touch to express feelings or intentions.
- Gestures: Hand and head movements conveying meaning.
- Facial Expressions: Communicating emotional states.
- Personal Appearance: Clothing, tattoos, hairstyles, etc.
- Silence: Can signify protest, respect, or refusal to communicate.
Intercultural Communication
- High-context cultures: Focus on the underlying meaning, context, and tone, relying on shared understanding.
- Low-context cultures: Emphasize explicit communication to avoid confusion, relying on clear verbal expression.
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Competent Intercultural Communicators:
- Flexibility and Tolerance for Ambiguity: Adapting to different communication styles.
- Reflectiveness or Mindfulness: Being aware of cultural influences on communication.
- Open-mindedness: Willingness to consider different perspectives.
- Sensitivity: Paying attention to cultural cues and nuances.
- Adaptability: Adjusting communication strategies to the situation.
- Divergent Thinking and Systems-Level Thinking: Creative thinking and understanding how elements in a system influence each other.
- Politeness: Demonstrating respect for cultural norms.
Types of Speeches
- Informative Speech: Providing clear understanding and memorability of a topic or idea.
- Entertainment Speech: Aiming to share joy, good will, and pleasure with the audience.
- Persuasive Speech: Influencing audience thoughts, feelings, actions, or attitudes to change their perceptions and convince them of an argument.
Types of Speech Delivery
- Impromptu: Unscripted, spontaneous.
- Extemporaneous: Limited preparation, guided by notes or an outline.
- Manuscript: Speaking with advanced preparation, reciting a written script directly.
- Memorized: Reciting a written message from memory, word for word.
Principles of Speech Writing
- Analyze the Audience: Consider age, educational background, interests, and existing knowledge.
- Choosing a Topic: Carefully select a topic that is relevant to the occasion, purpose, and audience, and suitable for you as a speaker.
Principles of Speech Delivery
- Voice: The primary tool for communication.
- Eye Contact: Building connection and conveying sincerity.
- Articulation: Clear and proper pronunciation for understanding.
- Attire: Appropriate to the occasion and representing professionalism.
- Visual Aids: Engaging the audience and supplementing verbal communication.
- Relating with the Audience: Building rapport through facial expressions and responses.
- Movement: Intentional and purposeful to enhance delivery.
- Posture: Confidence and poise are conveyed through posture.
- Facial Expressions: Reflecting engagement and sincerity.
- Diction: Choosing words easily understood by the audience.
- Hooks: Starting with a story or intriguing element to engage the audience.
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of communication, including its definition, nature, and the systematic processes involved. Understand the roles of the sender, receiver, and the significance of encoding and decoding messages in effective communication.
