Cognition and Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
39 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

At what age do children typically recognize themselves in a mirror?

  • 15-18 months (correct)
  • 6-8 months
  • 3-4 years
  • 24-30 months

    • What is a characteristic of self-concept in early childhood?

  • Ability to assume another's perspective
  • Realistic assessment of abilities
  • Overestimation of abilities (correct)
  • Focus on internal traits and abilities

    • What is the opposite of egocentrism?

  • Perspective taking (correct)
  • Self-awareness
  • Altruism
  • Empathy

    • According to the theory of self-concept, what is the first aspect of self-concept?

    <p>Self-worth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By what age do most children recognize their own photograph?

    <p>24-30 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of self-concept in middle and late childhood?

    <p>Focus on internal traits and abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a milestone in the development of self-awareness in infants?

    <p>Recognizing themselves in a mirror</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of self-concept in early childhood?

    <p>Focus on internal traits and abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a child in the Preoperational Stage?

    <p>Difficulty distinguishing fantasy from reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Piaget, what is the age range for the Concrete Operational Stage?

    <p>7-11 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a criticism of Piaget's theory?

    <p>He underestimated the impact of culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea of Lev Vygotsky's social constructivist theory of cognitive development?

    <p>Language is the key to cognitive development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?

    <p>The level of potential skill that a child can reach with the assistance of a teacher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of language according to Vygotsky?

    <p>To represent reality and to distance the individual in relation to the here and now</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of the Formal Operational Stage?

    <p>Ability to think about hypothetical situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the instructional technique introduced by Jerome Bruner?

    <p>Scaffolding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the adult population is estimated to attain the post-conventional level of morality?

    <p>20-25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why human babies are helpless and need others to survive?

    <p>Because they are relatively helpless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is attachment, in the context of infant development?

    <p>An emotional bond between an infant and a caregiver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Phase 1 of Bowlby's phases of attachment formation?

    <p>Infants show no preference among caregivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Type B attachment?

    <p>They are upset when their mother leaves, but okay with strangers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a break in an infant's attachment?

    <p>Deprivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Czech twins studied by Koluchova (1972)?

    <p>Their speech was normal by age 11 and their IQ was normal by age 15</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary driver of attachment, according to the content?

    <p>Emotional attachment is innate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of oneself does the Intellectual Self deal with?

    <p>Intelligence and decision-making abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is self-efficacy?

    <p>Confidence in one's ability to exert control over one's own motivation, behavior, and social environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is morality?

    <p>A force that motivates our behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a moral dilemma?

    <p>An ambiguous situation that requires a person to make a moral decision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, what is the orientation of Stage 3 in Level 2?

    <p>Good Boy – Nice Girl Orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Stage 5 in Level 3 of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?

    <p>The social contract and agreements among people about behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between Level 1 and Level 2 of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?

    <p>Level 1 focuses on punishment and obedience, while Level 2 focuses on concern for others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age range for Stage 1 in Level 1 of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?

    <p>2/3 – 5/6 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary process of cognition, according to Piaget?

    <p>Acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the basic building blocks of cognitive models, according to Piaget?

    <p>Schemas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inability to take another person's perspective?

    <p>Egocentrism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of development characterized by exploring the world through senses and motor activity?

    <p>Sensorimotor Stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when there is an inconsistency between a learner's cognitive structure and the thing being learned?

    <p>Disequilibrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of reorganizing thoughts when new information does not fit the schema?

    <p>Accommodation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does the Preoperational Stage of development typically begin?

    <p>2 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cognition

    • Cognition: the mental process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses
    • Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development:
      • Three basic components: schemas, adaptation processes, and stages of development
      • Schemas: mental representations of knowledge
      • Adaptation processes: assimilation and accommodation enable learning and transition between stages
      • Stages of development:
        • Sensorimotor Stage (0-2 years): exploration through senses and motor activity
        • Preoperational Stage (2-7 years): developing language and imagination
        • Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years): developing abstract reasoning and problem-solving skills
        • Formal Operations (12-15 years): developing logical thinking and scientific reasoning

    Criticisms of Piaget

    • Methodological flaws in tasks
    • Underestimation of the impact of culture on cognitive development

    Lev Vygotsky's Theory

    • Social constructivist theory of cognitive development
    • Importance of language and social interactions in shaping cognitive development
    • Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD): the range of knowledge that can be learned with the assistance of others
    • Scaffolding: a teaching technique that provides individualized support to learners

    Self-Concept

    • Refers to a person's perception of themselves, including traits, preferences, values, and beliefs
    • Develops throughout the lifespan
    • Self-awareness:
      • Infants recognize themselves in mirrors at 15-18 months
      • Self-concept develops through stages, including confusion of self, concrete descriptions, and shift to internal traits and abilities

    Morality

    • Refers to the understanding of right and wrong, or good and bad behavior
    • Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development:
      • Level 1: Pre-conventional Morality (ages 2-5 and 5-7 years)
      • Level 2: Conventional Morality (ages 7-12 years)
      • Level 3: Post-Conventional Morality (ages 12+ years)

    Attachment

    • First social relationship; strong emotional bond between infant and caregiver
    • Bowlby's phases of attachment formation:
      • Phase 1: Indiscriminant Sociability (0-2 months)
      • Phase 2: Attachments in the Making (2-7 months)
      • Phase 3: Specific, Clear-Cut Attachments (7-24 months)
      • Phase 4: Goal-Coordinated Partnerships (24 months+)
    • Types of attachment:
      • Secure (Type B)
      • Anxious-Ambivalent (Type C)
      • Avoidant (Type A)
      • Disorganized-Disoriented (Type D)

    Deprivation and Separation

    • Deprivation: break in an infant's attachment
    • Separation: occurrence of deprivation
    • Example: Koluchova's study of Czech twins (1972)

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Early Final Exam PDF

    Description

    Learn about the mental process of acquiring knowledge and understanding, including Piaget's theory of cognitive development and its stages.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser