CNS Development and Blood-Brain Barrier Quiz

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Which of the following statements about ependymal cells is true?

Ependymal cells are more numerous than neurons in some CNS regions.

Ependymal cells have a basal lamina at their basal ends.

Ependymal cells lack apical junctional complexes.

Ependymal cells have elongated basal ends without a basal lamina. (correct)

What is the primary function of microglial cells in the CNS?

Synapse formation

Immune defense and phagocytosis (correct)

Neurotransmitter release

Myelination of axons

How do microglial cells respond when activated by CNS damage or infection?

They remain static and do not change their morphology.

They secrete neurotransmitters.

They differentiate into neurons.

They proliferate and retract their processes. (correct)

Which cell type is responsible for removing apoptotic bodies and debris from damaged synapses in the CNS?

Microglia Signup and view all the answers

How do microglia differ from other glial cells in terms of origin?

Microglia originate from circulating blood monocytes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs)?

Decrease firing and propagation of action potentials Signup and view all the answers

Which type of synapse transmits signals directly and without delay through the flow of electrical current?

Electrical synapses Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are more abundant than neurons in the mammalian brain?

Glial cells Signup and view all the answers

Where are GABAnergic synapses commonly found?

Renshaw cells of the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

Which cells support neuronal survival and activities?

Glial cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the general appearance of unstained CNS tissue caused by the different densities of nerve cell bodies?

Soma Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is affected in Parkinson's disease due to the gradual loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra of the CNS?

Dopamine Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the neuronal cell body in relation to nerve processes?

Synthesis of neurotransmitters Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is typically found in the neuronal cell body and is responsible for protein synthesis?

Ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

What pigment is commonly found in neuronal cell bodies and is involved in protecting neurons against oxidative stress?

Neuromelanin Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Having trophic interactions with axons Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells?

Oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths around multiple axons, while Schwann cells form myelin sheaths around a portion of only one axon Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cell types is responsible for lining the fluid-filled ventricles of the brain?

Ependymal cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of oligodendrocytes in myelination?

Covering an axon's full length by compacted layers of cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

Why does white matter appear white?

Due to lipid concentration in wrapped membrane sheaths Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of astrocytes in relation to the Blood Brain Barrier?

Forming a barrier layer called the glial limiting membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells extend fibrous processes with expanded perivascular feet to modulate blood flow and assist in moving nutrients between neurons and capillaries?

Astrocytes Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes astrocytomas pathologically from other brain tumors?

Expression of GFAP Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of oligodendrocytes in CNS axons?

Wrap sheetlike processes around axons Signup and view all the answers

How do astrocytes communicate with each other for coordinated regulation of activities in different brain regions?

Through gap junctions forming a cellular network Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of glial cells in nerve tissue?

Form myelin to provide support and insulation between neurons Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes excitable cells like neurons?

Respond promptly to stimuli by altering the ionic gradient Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are capable of rapidly changing their electrical potential in response to stimuli?

Muscle cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of gap junctions in nerve tissue?

Allow direct communication between neighboring cells Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to describe the propagation of depolarization along a neuron's entire plasma membrane?

Action potential Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of oligodendrocytes in nerve tissue?

Form myelin to provide support and insulation between neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the key role of Schwann cells in nerve tissue?

Form myelin sheath around neurons Signup and view all the answers

What type of cell maintains electrical potential but cannot respond rapidly to stimuli?