CNS Development and Blood-Brain Barrier Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements about ependymal cells is true?

  • Ependymal cells are more numerous than neurons in some CNS regions.
  • Ependymal cells have a basal lamina at their basal ends.
  • Ependymal cells lack apical junctional complexes.
  • Ependymal cells have elongated basal ends without a basal lamina. (correct)

    • What is the primary function of microglial cells in the CNS?

  • Synapse formation
  • Immune defense and phagocytosis (correct)
  • Neurotransmitter release
  • Myelination of axons

    • How do microglial cells respond when activated by CNS damage or infection?

  • They remain static and do not change their morphology.
  • They secrete neurotransmitters.
  • They differentiate into neurons.
  • They proliferate and retract their processes. (correct)

    • Which cell type is responsible for removing apoptotic bodies and debris from damaged synapses in the CNS?

    <p>Microglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do microglia differ from other glial cells in terms of origin?

    <p>Microglia originate from circulating blood monocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs)?

    <p>Decrease firing and propagation of action potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of synapse transmits signals directly and without delay through the flow of electrical current?

    <p>Electrical synapses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are more abundant than neurons in the mammalian brain?

    <p>Glial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are GABAnergic synapses commonly found?

    <p>Renshaw cells of the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells support neuronal survival and activities?

    <p>Glial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the general appearance of unstained CNS tissue caused by the different densities of nerve cell bodies?

    <p>Soma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is affected in Parkinson's disease due to the gradual loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra of the CNS?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the neuronal cell body in relation to nerve processes?

    <p>Synthesis of neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is typically found in the neuronal cell body and is responsible for protein synthesis?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pigment is commonly found in neuronal cell bodies and is involved in protecting neurons against oxidative stress?

    <p>Neuromelanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Having trophic interactions with axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells?

    <p>Oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths around multiple axons, while Schwann cells form myelin sheaths around a portion of only one axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cell types is responsible for lining the fluid-filled ventricles of the brain?

    <p>Ependymal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of oligodendrocytes in myelination?

    <p>Covering an axon's full length by compacted layers of cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does white matter appear white?

    <p>Due to lipid concentration in wrapped membrane sheaths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of astrocytes in relation to the Blood Brain Barrier?

    <p>Forming a barrier layer called the glial limiting membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells extend fibrous processes with expanded perivascular feet to modulate blood flow and assist in moving nutrients between neurons and capillaries?

    <p>Astrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes astrocytomas pathologically from other brain tumors?

    <p>Expression of GFAP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of oligodendrocytes in CNS axons?

    <p>Wrap sheetlike processes around axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do astrocytes communicate with each other for coordinated regulation of activities in different brain regions?

    <p>Through gap junctions forming a cellular network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of glial cells in nerve tissue?

    <p>Form myelin to provide support and insulation between neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes excitable cells like neurons?

    <p>Respond promptly to stimuli by altering the ionic gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are capable of rapidly changing their electrical potential in response to stimuli?

    <p>Muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of gap junctions in nerve tissue?

    <p>Allow direct communication between neighboring cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used to describe the propagation of depolarization along a neuron's entire plasma membrane?

    <p>Action potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of oligodendrocytes in nerve tissue?

    <p>Form myelin to provide support and insulation between neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key role of Schwann cells in nerve tissue?

    <p>Form myelin sheath around neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cell maintains electrical potential but cannot respond rapidly to stimuli?

    <p>Astrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glial cells in relation to neurons?

    <p>Supporting neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular processes are collectively known as the neuropil?

    <p>Processes from neurons and glial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the neural crest cells in development?

    <p>Generating cells of the PNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure separates from the neuroepithelium during neural tube formation?

    <p>Neural crest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What morphology characterizes astrocytes unique to the CNS?

    <p>Radiating, branching processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

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