38 Questions
Which of the following statements about ependymal cells is true?
Ependymal cells have elongated basal ends without a basal lamina.
What is the primary function of microglial cells in the CNS?
Immune defense and phagocytosis
How do microglial cells respond when activated by CNS damage or infection?
They proliferate and retract their processes.
Which cell type is responsible for removing apoptotic bodies and debris from damaged synapses in the CNS?
Microglia
How do microglia differ from other glial cells in terms of origin?
Microglia originate from circulating blood monocytes.
What is the function of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs)?
Decrease firing and propagation of action potentials
Which type of synapse transmits signals directly and without delay through the flow of electrical current?
Electrical synapses
Which cells are more abundant than neurons in the mammalian brain?
Glial cells
Where are GABAnergic synapses commonly found?
Renshaw cells of the spinal cord
Which cells support neuronal survival and activities?
Glial cells
What is the term for the general appearance of unstained CNS tissue caused by the different densities of nerve cell bodies?
Soma
Which neurotransmitter is affected in Parkinson's disease due to the gradual loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra of the CNS?
Dopamine
What is the main function of the neuronal cell body in relation to nerve processes?
Synthesis of neurotransmitters
Which organelle is typically found in the neuronal cell body and is responsible for protein synthesis?
Ribosomes
What pigment is commonly found in neuronal cell bodies and is involved in protecting neurons against oxidative stress?
Neuromelanin
What is the function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?
Having trophic interactions with axons
What is the main difference between oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells?
Oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths around multiple axons, while Schwann cells form myelin sheaths around a portion of only one axon
Which of the following cell types is responsible for lining the fluid-filled ventricles of the brain?
Ependymal cells
What is the role of oligodendrocytes in myelination?
Covering an axon's full length by compacted layers of cell membrane
Why does white matter appear white?
Due to lipid concentration in wrapped membrane sheaths
What is the main function of astrocytes in relation to the Blood Brain Barrier?
Forming a barrier layer called the glial limiting membrane
Which type of cells extend fibrous processes with expanded perivascular feet to modulate blood flow and assist in moving nutrients between neurons and capillaries?
Astrocytes
What distinguishes astrocytomas pathologically from other brain tumors?
Expression of GFAP
What is the role of oligodendrocytes in CNS axons?
Wrap sheetlike processes around axons
How do astrocytes communicate with each other for coordinated regulation of activities in different brain regions?
Through gap junctions forming a cellular network
What is the role of glial cells in nerve tissue?
Form myelin to provide support and insulation between neurons
What characterizes excitable cells like neurons?
Respond promptly to stimuli by altering the ionic gradient
Which type of cells are capable of rapidly changing their electrical potential in response to stimuli?
Muscle cells
What is the function of gap junctions in nerve tissue?
Allow direct communication between neighboring cells
Which term is used to describe the propagation of depolarization along a neuron's entire plasma membrane?
Action potential
What is the main function of oligodendrocytes in nerve tissue?
Form myelin to provide support and insulation between neurons
What is the key role of Schwann cells in nerve tissue?
Form myelin sheath around neurons
What type of cell maintains electrical potential but cannot respond rapidly to stimuli?
Astrocytes
What is the primary function of glial cells in relation to neurons?
Supporting neurons
Which cellular processes are collectively known as the neuropil?
Processes from neurons and glial cells
What is the main role of the neural crest cells in development?
Generating cells of the PNS
Which structure separates from the neuroepithelium during neural tube formation?
Neural crest
What morphology characterizes astrocytes unique to the CNS?
Radiating, branching processes
Test your knowledge on guiding and physically supporting movements and locations of differentiating neurons during CNS development, as well as the functions of the blood-brain barrier in modulating blood flow and nutrient exchange. Explore concepts like glial limiting membrane and replacement processes.
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