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Cyanocobalamin 1000 mcg intramuscular for 5 days was prescribed. You have cyanocobalamin 10,000 mcg 10 ml. How many milliliters per day should be injected?
Cyanocobalamin 1000 mcg intramuscular for 5 days was prescribed. You have cyanocobalamin 10,000 mcg 10 ml. How many milliliters per day should be injected?
A researcher is presenting data from a clinical study. They are showing the time to remission of a disease and the effects of whether or not patients had a surgical procedure. The data can be represented by Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves or life tables. Which of the following is a distinctive difference between these two techniques?
A researcher is presenting data from a clinical study. They are showing the time to remission of a disease and the effects of whether or not patients had a surgical procedure. The data can be represented by Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves or life tables. Which of the following is a distinctive difference between these two techniques?
A 16-year-old boy presents with itchy, painful, raised, red patches of skin covered with silvery-white scales on his knees and elbows. The clinician wants to prescribe etanercept, a biological tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor. The patient must complete a screening test which involves injecting a small amount of fluid (containing antigens) just below the skin before starting treatment. Why is this test necessary?
A 16-year-old boy presents with itchy, painful, raised, red patches of skin covered with silvery-white scales on his knees and elbows. The clinician wants to prescribe etanercept, a biological tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor. The patient must complete a screening test which involves injecting a small amount of fluid (containing antigens) just below the skin before starting treatment. Why is this test necessary?
What type of physiological effects are predictable or associated with use of a specific drug?
What type of physiological effects are predictable or associated with use of a specific drug?
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Which term refers to the way genetic factors affect drug response?
Which term refers to the way genetic factors affect drug response?
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Which of the following drugs is a P-gp inhibitor?
Which of the following drugs is a P-gp inhibitor?
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A couple trying to have children should avoid the use of:
A couple trying to have children should avoid the use of:
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A 48-year-old woman presents with a five-month history of a burning sensation in her mouth. She has had increasingly irregular menstrual periods and hot flashes for the last four months. She also reports oral dryness and a recent change in taste. She was diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder three years ago, for which she takes paroxetine. She also had a dental prosthesis placed four months ago. The physical and oral examinations are unremarkable. Laboratory investigations, including complete blood count, iron studies, urinalysis, thyroid tests, and autoantibodies, are within normal limits. She is suspected of having an idiopathic condition that causes chronic burning oral pain and is prescribed oral capsaicin. Which of the following is a known adverse effect of this medication?
A 48-year-old woman presents with a five-month history of a burning sensation in her mouth. She has had increasingly irregular menstrual periods and hot flashes for the last four months. She also reports oral dryness and a recent change in taste. She was diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder three years ago, for which she takes paroxetine. She also had a dental prosthesis placed four months ago. The physical and oral examinations are unremarkable. Laboratory investigations, including complete blood count, iron studies, urinalysis, thyroid tests, and autoantibodies, are within normal limits. She is suspected of having an idiopathic condition that causes chronic burning oral pain and is prescribed oral capsaicin. Which of the following is a known adverse effect of this medication?
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A 40-year-old man complains of sudden onset of low backache and weakness in his legs over the past 12 hours. On physical examination, his urinary bladder is palpable at the pubic symphysis and he exhibits grade 0 strength in both lower limbs. A spine MRI shows a disc prolapse at the T10-11 level compressing the cord. He undergoes emergency costotransversectomy and discectomy. He is hospitalized for 2 weeks and is managed by the physical therapy team, following which his strength improves to grade 4- in both lower limbs. After he is discharged, the physical therapy team sends a survey to the patient containing open-ended questions. Which of the following is an appropriate survey question?
A 40-year-old man complains of sudden onset of low backache and weakness in his legs over the past 12 hours. On physical examination, his urinary bladder is palpable at the pubic symphysis and he exhibits grade 0 strength in both lower limbs. A spine MRI shows a disc prolapse at the T10-11 level compressing the cord. He undergoes emergency costotransversectomy and discectomy. He is hospitalized for 2 weeks and is managed by the physical therapy team, following which his strength improves to grade 4- in both lower limbs. After he is discharged, the physical therapy team sends a survey to the patient containing open-ended questions. Which of the following is an appropriate survey question?
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A 31-year-old woman with a past medical history significant for migraine headaches presents with a complaint of worsening headaches. She reports an increase in the severity of her headaches, increased nausea and vomiting, and ibuprofen is not helping anymore. Her vital signs are within normal limits. The neurological examination does not show any focal neurological deficits. Which of the following should be prescribed to reduce the frequency of headaches?
A 31-year-old woman with a past medical history significant for migraine headaches presents with a complaint of worsening headaches. She reports an increase in the severity of her headaches, increased nausea and vomiting, and ibuprofen is not helping anymore. Her vital signs are within normal limits. The neurological examination does not show any focal neurological deficits. Which of the following should be prescribed to reduce the frequency of headaches?
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A 65-year-old woman presents with her husband for a follow-up regarding a recent chronic insomnia diagnosis and major depression treatment. The patient reports that her mood has improved because she has been sleeping well with proper sleep hygiene and using zolpidem about half an hour before bedtime. However, her husband expresses concern about his wife's strange behavior. On multiple occasions, he has seen her eating in the middle of the night and tried talking to her, but she did not reply. She then returns to sleep and does not recall the events the next day. Her past medical history also includes diabetes mellitus and gout. Her medications are sertraline, metformin, allopurinol, and zolpidem. What is the most likely explanation for this patient's behavior?
A 65-year-old woman presents with her husband for a follow-up regarding a recent chronic insomnia diagnosis and major depression treatment. The patient reports that her mood has improved because she has been sleeping well with proper sleep hygiene and using zolpidem about half an hour before bedtime. However, her husband expresses concern about his wife's strange behavior. On multiple occasions, he has seen her eating in the middle of the night and tried talking to her, but she did not reply. She then returns to sleep and does not recall the events the next day. Her past medical history also includes diabetes mellitus and gout. Her medications are sertraline, metformin, allopurinol, and zolpidem. What is the most likely explanation for this patient's behavior?
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An overweight patient with a history of migraine, depression, and hypertension was started on phentermine-topiramate. For which indication this drug combination is prescribed?
An overweight patient with a history of migraine, depression, and hypertension was started on phentermine-topiramate. For which indication this drug combination is prescribed?
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Regular intake of moderate or large amounts of alcohol predisposes to liver damage in paracetamol overdose, as chronic intake of ethanol:
Regular intake of moderate or large amounts of alcohol predisposes to liver damage in paracetamol overdose, as chronic intake of ethanol:
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Your patient's family reports that his wandering and hostility have worsened. The patient is on memantine 10 mg daily.
Your patient's family reports that his wandering and hostility have worsened. The patient is on memantine 10 mg daily.
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This drug inhibits COMT and is sometimes given as a treatment supplement in Parkinson's disease
This drug inhibits COMT and is sometimes given as a treatment supplement in Parkinson's disease
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Terry is a 28-year-old woman who was recently started on sertraline for treatment of depression. During the first week of therapy she developed chronic headaches. One of Terry's friends who has a history of migraines offered Terry some of her medication to "help get her through the week" before she could visit her primary care physician. After taking two tablets, Terry developed a high fever & muscle tremor. Becoming alarmed, she goes to the nearest Emergency Department, where her physical exam shows that she also has an abnormally high heart rate and blood pressure. What medication did her friend most likely give Terry that provoked this reaction?
Terry is a 28-year-old woman who was recently started on sertraline for treatment of depression. During the first week of therapy she developed chronic headaches. One of Terry's friends who has a history of migraines offered Terry some of her medication to "help get her through the week" before she could visit her primary care physician. After taking two tablets, Terry developed a high fever & muscle tremor. Becoming alarmed, she goes to the nearest Emergency Department, where her physical exam shows that she also has an abnormally high heart rate and blood pressure. What medication did her friend most likely give Terry that provoked this reaction?
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A 27-year-old man presents with a depressed mood and low energy for the past 3 months. He reports difficulty concentrating and finishing tasks at work. He has been withdrawn from friends and no longer enjoys playing tennis. The clinician prescribes an antidepressant that works by selectively inhibiting serotonin reuptake. Two months later, the patient discontinues the medication because of a side effect. Which of the following side effects did this patient most likely experience?
A 27-year-old man presents with a depressed mood and low energy for the past 3 months. He reports difficulty concentrating and finishing tasks at work. He has been withdrawn from friends and no longer enjoys playing tennis. The clinician prescribes an antidepressant that works by selectively inhibiting serotonin reuptake. Two months later, the patient discontinues the medication because of a side effect. Which of the following side effects did this patient most likely experience?
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Mrs. Brown, a 28-year-old accountant, has been treated for myasthenia gravis for several years. She comes to the emergency department with complaints of recent arm weakness, diplopia, and difficulty swallowing. Most likely, she has a change in response to her previous myasthenia therapy, either a myasthenic crisis or a cholinergic crisis. Which drug can differentiate a myasthenic crisis (need for a higher dose of the cholinergic drug) from a cholinergic crisis (need to reduce the dose of the cholinergic drug)
Mrs. Brown, a 28-year-old accountant, has been treated for myasthenia gravis for several years. She comes to the emergency department with complaints of recent arm weakness, diplopia, and difficulty swallowing. Most likely, she has a change in response to her previous myasthenia therapy, either a myasthenic crisis or a cholinergic crisis. Which drug can differentiate a myasthenic crisis (need for a higher dose of the cholinergic drug) from a cholinergic crisis (need to reduce the dose of the cholinergic drug)
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A patient with myasthenia gravis is treated with pyridostigmine. What can be observed at therapeutic levels of this drug
A patient with myasthenia gravis is treated with pyridostigmine. What can be observed at therapeutic levels of this drug
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Several children from a summer camp were hospitalized with symptoms of botulinum toxin food poisoning. Which of the following symptoms is consistent with botulinum toxin poisoning?
Several children from a summer camp were hospitalized with symptoms of botulinum toxin food poisoning. Which of the following symptoms is consistent with botulinum toxin poisoning?
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Study Notes
Test 1
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Question 1: A patient was prescribed 1000mcg of cyanocobalamin intramuscularly for 5 days. They have 10,000mcg of cyanocobalamin in a 10ml vial. How many milliliters should be injected per day?
- 0.6 ml
Clinical Study Data
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Question 2: A researcher is presenting data from a clinical study, showing time to remission of a disease, and the effect of a surgical procedure. The data can be displayed using Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves or life tables.
- A key difference is that KM survival curves can show outcomes regardless of specific time intervals, while life tables categorize observation outputs into distinct time events.
- Life tables are used in epidemiologic studies.
- KM survival curves do not require specific intervals to show events.
- Life tables do not show outcomes for all subjects.
General Teaching Points
- The Kaplan-Meier (KM) method estimates the likelihood of survival.
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Description
This quiz covers fundamental concepts in clinical pharmacology, focusing on medication dosing and clinical study data interpretation. Questions will explore dosage calculations and the utilization of Kaplan-Meier curves in presenting survival data. Test your knowledge and understanding of these critical aspects in clinical research.
