Questions and Answers
Which statement about antiviral drugs is true?
Which antiviral drug is only given by oral inhalation?
Which antiviral drug is most likely to have more severe central nervous system side effects, including worsening of glaucoma?
What is the best response to a patient asking why the flu cannot be treated with an antiviral after 3 days of symptoms?
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What drug would be most appropriate for a patient who is asymptomatic but exposed to a coworker with the flu?
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Which drug is the only approved treatment for RSV?
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Which visitor should not be present during the aerosol treatments for a 2-year-old with RSV prescribed ribavirin?
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What is the best action before administering oral acyclovir (Zovirax) to a patient with genital herpes?
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Which of the following is a sign or symptom of an allergic or anaphylactic response to an antiviral drug?
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Study Notes
Antiviral Drugs Overview
- Antiviral drugs do not kill viruses but inhibit viral replication, making them virustatic rather than virucidal.
- Effective antiviral treatment requires the drugs to enter infected cells and act at the infection site.
Specific Antiviral Drugs
- Zanamivir (Relenza): Administered exclusively via oral inhalation.
- Amantadine: Known for severe central nervous system side effects and concerns over worsening glaucoma due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier.
Timing and Effectiveness
- Antiviral drugs are most effective for treating influenza when administered within 48 hours of symptom onset.
- Prophylactic use of antivirals is critical for individuals exposed to the influenza virus.
Special Cases
- Ribavirin (Virazole): The only drug approved for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) treatment; poses significant risks to pregnant individuals due to teratogenic effects.
- Flumadine (rimantadine): Recommended for prophylaxis against influenza in asymptomatic patients after exposure.
Administration Considerations
- Prior to administering acyclovir, inquire about any milk allergies, as cross-reactivity could occur.
- Monitoring for signs of allergic or anaphylactic reactions is crucial. Symptoms include swelling of the face or throat, as well as other severe reactions.
Clinical Considerations
- Antivirals are used for treatment and prevention, particularly for at-risk populations.
- Understanding the specific administration routes and contraindications of antiviral drugs is essential for safe and effective patient care.
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Description
Test your knowledge on antiviral and antiretroviral drugs from Chapter 06 of 'Introduction to Clinical Pharmacology'. This quiz covers key concepts regarding how these medications function and their effects on viral infections. Perfect for students learning pharmacology!
