Clinical Correlation: Kidney and Liver Failure
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a source of ammonia production in the body?

  • Deamination of nucleic acids
  • Bacterial action on urea in the intestine
  • Breakdown of amino acids
  • Metabolism of glutamine in the liver (correct)

    • In cases of liver cell failure, the level of ammonia in the blood is expected to be:

  • Unchanged as the liver is not involved in ammonia metabolism
  • Increased due to decreased urea production (correct)
  • Decreased due to impaired ammonia metabolism
  • Increased due to increased deamination of amino acids

    • Which of the following is NOT a fate of ammonia in the body?

  • Conversion to urea and excretion in urine
  • Conversion to amino acids for protein synthesis (correct)
  • Excretion as ammonia in urine
  • Trapping as glutamine in the liver, brain, and kidneys

    • Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with hyperammonemia (elevated ammonia levels in the blood)?

    <p>Jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cases of hereditary hyperammonemia, the underlying cause is:

    <p>Deficiency in urea cycle enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments is recommended for hyperammonemia due to kidney failure?

    <p>Administration of neomycin to kill intestinal bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following amino acids does NOT require a specific transferase for its transamination reaction?

    <p>Threonine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which cellular compartments does transamination occur?

    <p>Cytoplasm and mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a clinically important transamination reaction?

    <p>Glutamine Synthetase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition would you expect to see a higher elevation of AST (SGOT) compared to ALT (SGPT)?

    <p>Myocardial infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of transamination reactions?

    <p>Synthesis of glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is associated with an increase in plasma aminotransferase levels?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that regulates glutamate dehydrogenase activity?

    <p>Allosteric activation by NADH and FADH2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the urea cycle is correct?

    <p>The rate-limiting step is catalyzed by carbamoyl phosphate synthetase-1 (CPS1).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary fate of urea produced in the urea cycle?

    <p>It is excreted in urine by the kidneys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following amino acids is classified as both essential and non-essential?

    <p>There are no amino acids that are both essential and non-essential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the urea cycle in intermediary metabolism?

    <p>To convert excess nitrogen from amino acid catabolism into a soluble, excretable form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is associated with an impaired urea cycle?

    <p>Hyperammonemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

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