20 Questions
What is the blood supply for the midgut?
Superior Mesenteric Artery
Which nerve controls the midgut?
Vagus nerve
What is the cause of Midgut Volvulus?
Midgut wraps around the Superior Mesenteric Artery cutting off its own blood supply
What is the clinical presentation of Midgut Volvulus?
Severe abdominal pain, abdominal distension in the first week of life
What is the characteristic feature of achalasia on barium swallow?
Bird's beak sign
Which condition is associated with a false diverticulum above the upper esophageal sphincter (UES)?
Zenker's diverticulum
What is the underlying cause of Chagas disease?
Trypanosoma cruzi
Which cells are responsible for the production of HCl in the gastric glands?
Parietal cells
What is the primary cause of malabsorption in children?
Defective chloride transmembrane protein transport
Which area in the gastrointestinal tract is considered the watershed area due to its lowest blood supply?
Splenic flexure
What is the primary function of amniotic fluid in fetal development?
Shock absorption and decreasing atmospheric pressure effects on the fetus
Which phase of gastrointestinal physiology involves sensory information reaching the cortex, influencing salivation and taste?
Cephalic phase
What is the primary function of misoprostol?
Increase stomach lining and inhibit acid production
What are the common causes of sliding and rolling hiatal hernias?
Obesity and restrictive lung disease
Which condition is characterized by thick rugal folds and goblet cell hyperplasia?
Menetrier's disease
What is the primary symptom of pyloric stenosis?
Projectile vomiting and hypokalemia
What is the normal level for Pilocarpine sweat test used to diagnose cystic fibrosis (CF)?
Less than 40 mmol/L
Which complication is NOT associated with cystic fibrosis?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Which sphincter is composed of voluntary skeletal muscle and is innervated by cranial nerves IX and X?
Upper esophageal sphincter
What condition is characterized by impaired lower esophageal sphincter relaxation, leading to reflux and GERD?
Achalasia
Study Notes
Gastrointestinal Physiology and Clinical Correlation
- Pilocarpine sweat test used to diagnose cystic fibrosis (CF) with levels <40 mmol/L considered normal, 40-60 mmol/L as heterozygous, and >60 mmol/L as CF.
- Complications of CF include bronchiectasis, meconium ileus, Kartagener syndrome, obstructive lung disease, chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), pancreatitis, and infertility due to obstruction of vas deferens.
- Treatment for CF includes antibiotics for Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus aureus infections, with specific antibiotics for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
- Swallowing process involves the rise of the tip and sides of the tongue, closure of the epiglottis, and relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES).
- Abnormalities of the gag reflex can lead to aspiration pneumonia, and feeding routes depend on the integrity of the gag reflex.
- The upper esophageal sphincter is composed of voluntary skeletal muscle and is innervated by cranial nerves IX and X, while the lower esophageal sphincter is not under voluntary control.
- Achalasia is characterized by impaired lower esophageal sphincter relaxation, leading to reflux and GERD, while dysphagia to solids and liquids is assessed through esophageal manometry.
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is caused by the abnormal relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and can lead to complications such as stricture, Barrett’s esophagus, and adenocarcinoma.
- Esophagitis can be caused by viruses, fungi, or drugs, and Barrett’s esophagus is characterized by columnar metaplasia of the esophageal epithelium.
- Mallory Weiss syndrome presents with a linear tear in the mucus membrane of the lower esophagus, often due to retching or vomiting.
- Boerhaave’s syndrome is a transmural perforation of the lower esophagus, and choanal atresia is characterized by a membrane that obstructs the airway during feeding.
- Esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula, H-type tracheoesophageal fistula, and esophageal webs are congenital esophageal abnormalities that may present with specific symptoms and require surgical intervention.
Test your knowledge of gastrointestinal physiology and clinical correlation with this quiz. Explore topics such as cystic fibrosis diagnosis, complications, and treatment, as well as disorders of swallowing and esophageal abnormalities. Perfect for medical students and healthcare professionals.
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