Gastrointestinal Physiology and Clinical Correlation Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the blood supply for the midgut?

Hepatic Artery

Superior Mesenteric Artery (correct)

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

Celiac Trunk

Which nerve controls the midgut?

Sciatic nerve

Spinal accessory nerve

Vagus nerve (correct)

Phrenic nerve

What is the cause of Midgut Volvulus?

Midgut wraps around the Superior Mesenteric Artery cutting off its own blood supply (correct)

Midgut wraps around the Hepatic Artery cutting off its own blood supply

Midgut wraps around the Inferior Mesenteric Artery cutting off its own blood supply

Midgut wraps around the Celiac Trunk cutting off its own blood supply

What is the clinical presentation of Midgut Volvulus?

Severe abdominal pain, abdominal distension in the first week of life Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of achalasia on barium swallow?

Bird's beak sign Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with a false diverticulum above the upper esophageal sphincter (UES)?

Zenker's diverticulum Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying cause of Chagas disease?

Trypanosoma cruzi Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are responsible for the production of HCl in the gastric glands?

Parietal cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of malabsorption in children?

Defective chloride transmembrane protein transport Signup and view all the answers

Which area in the gastrointestinal tract is considered the watershed area due to its lowest blood supply?

Splenic flexure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of amniotic fluid in fetal development?

Shock absorption and decreasing atmospheric pressure effects on the fetus Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of gastrointestinal physiology involves sensory information reaching the cortex, influencing salivation and taste?

Cephalic phase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of misoprostol?

Increase stomach lining and inhibit acid production Signup and view all the answers

What are the common causes of sliding and rolling hiatal hernias?

Obesity and restrictive lung disease Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by thick rugal folds and goblet cell hyperplasia?

Menetrier's disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of pyloric stenosis?

Projectile vomiting and hypokalemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal level for Pilocarpine sweat test used to diagnose cystic fibrosis (CF)?

Less than 40 mmol/L Signup and view all the answers

Which complication is NOT associated with cystic fibrosis?

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Signup and view all the answers

Which sphincter is composed of voluntary skeletal muscle and is innervated by cranial nerves IX and X?

Upper esophageal sphincter Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by impaired lower esophageal sphincter relaxation, leading to reflux and GERD?

Achalasia Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Gastrointestinal Physiology and Clinical Correlation

Pilocarpine sweat test used to diagnose cystic fibrosis (CF) with levels <40 mmol/L considered normal, 40-60 mmol/L as heterozygous, and >60 mmol/L as CF.
Complications of CF include bronchiectasis, meconium ileus, Kartagener syndrome, obstructive lung disease, chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), pancreatitis, and infertility due to obstruction of vas deferens.
Treatment for CF includes antibiotics for Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus aureus infections, with specific antibiotics for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Swallowing process involves the rise of the tip and sides of the tongue, closure of the epiglottis, and relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES).
Abnormalities of the gag reflex can lead to aspiration pneumonia, and feeding routes depend on the integrity of the gag reflex.
The upper esophageal sphincter is composed of voluntary skeletal muscle and is innervated by cranial nerves IX and X, while the lower esophageal sphincter is not under voluntary control.
Achalasia is characterized by impaired lower esophageal sphincter relaxation, leading to reflux and GERD, while dysphagia to solids and liquids is assessed through esophageal manometry.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is caused by the abnormal relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and can lead to complications such as stricture, Barrett’s esophagus, and adenocarcinoma.
Esophagitis can be caused by viruses, fungi, or drugs, and Barrett’s esophagus is characterized by columnar metaplasia of the esophageal epithelium.
Mallory Weiss syndrome presents with a linear tear in the mucus membrane of the lower esophagus, often due to retching or vomiting.
Boerhaave’s syndrome is a transmural perforation of the lower esophagus, and choanal atresia is characterized by a membrane that obstructs the airway during feeding.
Esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula, H-type tracheoesophageal fistula, and esophageal webs are congenital esophageal abnormalities that may present with specific symptoms and require surgical intervention.

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Description

Test your knowledge of gastrointestinal physiology and clinical correlation with this quiz. Explore topics such as cystic fibrosis diagnosis, complications, and treatment, as well as disorders of swallowing and esophageal abnormalities. Perfect for medical students and healthcare professionals.