5.4

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Questions and Answers

Which act granted citizenship to all Native Americans born after its passage?

Indian Citizenship Act (correct)

Dawes Severalty Act

Indian Reorganization Act

Nationality Act

What significant change did the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 introduce?

It restored the right for tribes to self-govern and manage their resources. (correct)

It stopped federal funding for Native American businesses.

It ended the citizenship of Native Americans.

It mandated the relocation of Native American tribes.

Despite the Indian Reorganization Act, what was a problem that many Native Americans still faced?

They received full access to education.

States often denied them voting rights. (correct)

Conditions on reservations improved significantly.

They were all required to pay federal taxes.

How did some states justify denying voting rights to Native Americans who lived on reservations?

By arguing they were not state residents. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887?

To assimilate Native Americans into White society Signup and view all the answers

What consequence did the removal to reservations have on Native American tribes?

They became dependent on the Bureau of Indian Affairs Signup and view all the answers

What was one method used to assimilate Native American children into White society?

Sending them to boarding schools Signup and view all the answers

What was one result of the Curtis Act of 1898?

It abolished tribal governments Signup and view all the answers

What were reservations primarily characterized by in terms of land quality?

Poor quality land for farming and livestock Signup and view all the answers

What action did the Lakota take after the second death during the occupation?

They called for an end to the occupation. Signup and view all the answers

What was the murder rate on the Pine Ridge Reservation after the siege?

It was the highest per capita murder rate in the United States. Signup and view all the answers

Which federal law allowed tribes to assume control over their own programs?

Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975 Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred during the 1973 occupation in Wounded Knee?

Native American activists were killed. Signup and view all the answers

What benefit did many tribes gain from their new freedom from government control?

Legalization of gambling and casino operations. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1988 regulate regarding Native American gaming?

It provided a framework to regulate gaming activities on Native American lands. Signup and view all the answers

What important ruling was made in the case of McGirt v.Oklahoma?

It confirmed that parts of Oklahoma are designated as tribal land. Signup and view all the answers

Which act granted Native American tribes the right to conduct traditional ceremonies involving certain prohibited substances?

The American Indian Religious Freedom Act of 1978 Signup and view all the answers

In the Carpenter v.Murphy case, what was at stake in the determination of jurisdiction?

Determining if the crime took place on tribal land or private property. Signup and view all the answers

How has the Supreme Court's decision in McGirt v.Oklahoma impacted the legal jurisdiction of crimes on reservation lands?

It shifted jurisdiction to federal authorities for crimes committed on designated tribal lands. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Civil Rights for Indigenous Groups

Native Americans have suffered segregation and discrimination by the U.S. government since colonization.
Native Americans were not granted full U.S. citizenship rights until the Nationality Act of 1940, much later than African Americans and women.
The Supreme Court rulings in Elk v. Wilkins (1884) and Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831), impacted the legal status of Native Americans.
Native Americans were forcibly removed from ancestral lands. The Dakota Access Pipeline protests highlight this ongoing issue.
Early settlers attempted to enslave Native Americans.
The U.S. government assumed responsibility for negotiating with and regulating trade with Native American tribes, though these tribes were considered sovereign nations. This led to denial of citizenship rights.
The U.S. government violated treaties with Native American tribes, forcing them off their lands.
The Indian Removal Act of 1830 forced Native Americans west of the Mississippi River.
The Cherokee Nation resisted this removal, leading to the Worcester v. Georgia (1832) Supreme Court case.
The forced removal of the Cherokee resulted in the Trail of Tears.
The Dawes Severalty Act (1887) divided reservation lands, leading to loss of tribal control over their resources and land.
The Curtis Act (1898) abolished tribal governments.

The Fight for Native American Rights

Native American activists fought for their rights, exemplified by figures like Sarah Winnemucca and Charles Eastman.
The Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 granted citizenship to all Native Americans born after its enactment. Those born beforehand needed to meet other criteria for citizenship.
The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 aimed at reversing the assimilation policies.
The 1960s saw the rise of a modern Native American civil rights movement.
The occupation of Alcatraz Island (1969) demonstrated Native American solidarity and activism for rights.
The American Indian Movement (AIM) took over Bureau of Indian Affairs offices (1973) and Wounded Knee (1973).
The occupation of Wounded Knee led to violence and deaths.
The Indian Self-Determination and Educational Assistance Act of 1975 gave tribes more control over their affairs.
Native Americans gained the right to conduct traditional ceremonies and rituals with the American Indian Religious Freedom Act of 1978.
The Supreme Court decision in McGirt v. Oklahoma (2020) ruled that part of Oklahoma was still tribal land, impacting jurisdiction.
Alaska Natives and Native Hawaiians faced similar issues of land loss and forced assimilation. The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971 aimed to compensate Alaska Natives for land loss.
Hawaiians were denied self-determination until 2015, but still have significant challenges.

Ongoing Challenges

Despite gains, Native American tribes still face significant poverty and high unemployment rates.
Issues exist with representation and resource allocation in regards to Native American tribes.

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Description

Explore the historical challenges faced by Native Americans regarding their civil rights. This quiz covers key events, Supreme Court cases, and ongoing issues related to Native American sovereignty and discrimination. Test your knowledge on how these factors shaped the citizenship rights for Indigenous groups in the U.S.

5.4

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