CIVI 321 Engineering Materials: Wood

Wood is the most recent construction material used by mankind.

Wood is not suitable for engineering applications due to its low strength and high weight.

Endogenous trees are commonly used for engineering applications due to their predictable properties.

Wood is used for building frames, bridges, and utility poles due to its low durability.

Wood is a expensive construction material.

The wood product dimensional lumber is used for heavy framing.

Heavy timber is usually smooth-planed and used for light framing.

Quarter sawing is the most rapid and economic type of sawing.

Round stock posts and poles are used for heavy framing and decking.

There are only two types of board cuts: flat-sawn and quarter-sawn.

At the Fiber Saturation Point (FSP), wood contains both bound and free water.

The shrinkage of wood is greatest in the longitudinal direction.

Seasoning is an optional step in the wood production process.

Wood products are not suitable for engineering applications due to their low strength and high weight.

The shape of wood boards changes as they expand and contract due to the difference in radial and longitudinal movement.

The moisture content of wood is directly related to the surrounding air's humidity, but not temperature.

Wood has a higher density and strength when its longitudinal direction is considered.

The cambium layer is responsible for transporting sap in trees.

Earlywood is composed of dense, thick-walled cells that provide strength to the tree.

Softwood has a higher percentage of cellulose by weight compared to hardwood.

Wood is a low-cost construction material

The shrinkage of wood is greatest in the radial direction

Wood is still widely used today for building frames and floors

Exogenous trees are not commonly used for engineering applications

Wood products are always smooth-planed and used for light framing

The moisture content of wood is directly related to the surrounding air's temperature, but not humidity

Seasoning is a mandatory step in the wood production process

The moisture content of wood is directly related to the temperature of the surrounding air, but not humidity.

At the Fiber Saturation Point (FSP), wood contains only free water.

The shrinkage of wood is least in the radial direction.

Seasoning is a necessary step in the wood production process.

Round stock posts and poles are used for light framing and decking.

Heavy timber is usually rough-hewn and used for heavy framing.

The wood product dimensional lumber is used for light framing.

The moisture content of wood is directly related to the temperature, but not the surrounding air's humidity.

At the Fiber Saturation Point (FSP), wood contains only free water.

The shrinkage of wood is greatest in the radial direction.

Preservative treating is a mandatory step in the wood production process.

Dimensional lumber is used for heavy framing and railroad ties.

There are only three types of board cuts: flat-sawn, quarter-sawn, and combination.

Seasoning is a mandatory step in the wood production process.

Wood reaches its equilibrium moisture content when it is completely dry.

Above the Fiber Saturation Point (FSP), changes in wood affect all physical and mechanical properties.

Wood shrinks more in the longitudinal direction than in the tangential direction.

Shrinkage occurs in all directions above the Fiber Saturation Point (FSP).

Seasoning is the first step in the wood production process.

Wood products are used primarily for light framing and decking.

The Fiber Saturation Point (FSP) is the moisture content at which wood contains only free water.

Bound water is the primary cause of wood shrinkage.

Grading is an optional step in the wood production process.

What are the main advantages of using wood as a construction material?

What are the two main classifications of trees based on their growth patterns?

Why is wood still widely used today in engineering applications?

What are some common engineering applications of wood products?

What is the significance of the Exogenous growth pattern in wood for engineering applications?

What are some benefits of using wood products in engineering applications?

What is the importance of understanding the physical properties of wood in engineering applications?

What is the primary component of wood that forms strands that make up cell walls, contributing to its strength?

In which direction is wood's strength and shrinkage least?

What is the term for the moisture content at which wood contains both bound and free water?

What is the main difference between earlywood and latewood in the annual ring of a tree?

What is the primary use of dimensional lumber in wood products for construction?

What is the term for the layer of wood responsible for wood growth?

What type of sawing is most rapid and economic, and what is its primary advantage?

What is the typical use of heavy timber in wood products for construction?

What is the relationship between the moisture content of wood and the surrounding air?

What is the term for the property of wood where its properties change with direction?

What is the primary difference between flat-sawn, quarter-sawn, and combination board cuts?

What is the purpose of seasoning in the wood production process?

What is the typical use of round stock posts and poles in wood products for construction?

What is the significance of the Fiber Saturation Point (FSP) in understanding the properties of wood?

What is the term for the point at which wood has reached a water content equilibrium with its environment and is no longer gaining or losing moisture?

Above what percentage of moisture content does wood only experience changes in wet weight, with no effect on physical and mechanical properties?

In which direction does wood experience the largest shrinkage?

What is the purpose of the seasoning step in wood production?

What is the result of the difference in tangential and radial movement in wood?

What type of water is present in wood cells at the Fiber Saturation Point (FSP)?

What is the primary cause of wood shrinkage?

What is the term for the process of cutting wood from a tree in a way that minimizes shrinkage and distortion?

What is the final step in the wood production process that involves evaluating the quality of the wood product?

Wood is the ______________ construction material used by mankind.

Wood is ______________ to use due to its ease of handling and working.

Endogenous trees grow inwards in a longitudinal ______________ mass.

Exogenous trees grow from the center outward by adding concentric layers, known as ______________ rings.

Wood is still widely used today for building ______________ and roofs.

Wood is ______________ to its high strength, low weight, and low cost.

Wood has been used for construction for over ______________ years.

The ______ of wood is directly related to the humidity and temperature of the surrounding air.

Wood is ______ because its properties change with direction.

The ______ of wood is greatest in the tangential direction.

The ______ of wood is strongest and has least shrinkage in the longitudinal direction.

The ______ layer is responsible for wood growth in trees.

Wood is composed of ______ that forms strands that make up cell walls.

Dimensional lumber is typically used for ______ framing, which includes studs, joists, beams, rafters, trusses, and decking.

Heavy timber is usually ______ sawn and used for heavy framing, railroad ties, and landscaping.

The ______ of wood is influenced by the direction of the grain.

Round stock posts and poles are used for ______ piling, utility poles, and other applications.

There are three types of board cuts, including flat-sawn, quarter-sawn, and ______.

Live sawing is the most ______ and economic method of sawing wood.

The largest shrinkage in wood occurs in the ______ direction.

Moisture content affects the ______ and weight of wood.

Quarter sawing is used to obtain the maximum amount of ______ cuts.

Grading is a step in the wood production process that involves evaluating the ______ of the wood product.

At the Fiber Saturation Point (FSP), wood cells are completely saturated with ______ water.

The way in which wood boards change shape as they expand and contract depends on how they are ______ from the tree.

Wood production involves the following steps: harvesting, sawing, seasoning, ______, and grading.

Below the Fiber Saturation Point (FSP), small changes in moisture content strongly affect all ______ and mechanical properties of wood.

The shrinkage of wood is zero above the Fiber Saturation Point (FSP) regardless of ______.

The physical properties of wood, such as shrinkage, are affected by the amount of ______ in the wood.

The mechanical properties of wood, such as strength, are affected by the amount of ______ in the wood.

The typical composition of asphalt cements is Carbon 80-85%, Nitrogen 0-1%, Hydrogen 10-12%, Sulphur 1-10%, Oxygen 5-10%, and Trace metals 1-1.5%.

Asphalt cements have a simple and fixed chemical composition.

Asphalt cements are mainly composed of low-molecular weight hydrocarbons.

Specifications for asphalt cements are based on their chemical composition and physical properties.

Asphalt cement composition does not influence its binder behaviour and performance of asphalt concrete.

A complete chemical analysis of asphalt cements is easily achievable.

Asphalt cements are not made up of elements such as sulphur, Nitrogen, oxygen, and trace metals.

Asphaltene becomes less soluble as the temperature increases.

The viscosity of asphalt cement is not sensitive to temperature.

Resin acts as a solvent for Asphaltenes and Oils.

Asphalt cement is a thermosetting material, meaning its properties are not sensitive to temperature.

At a temperature below 140°C, asphalt cement is a Newtonian fluid.

Asphalt has been used as a waterproofing material since 625 BC.

As the temperature decreases, asphalt becomes more viscous.

The word asphalt comes from the Latin word 'asphaltos', meaning 'secure'.

The unit of measurement for viscosity is Pascal-seconds.

Asphalt cement is a low molecular weight hydrocarbon.

Asphalt roads were first introduced in America in 1852.

Asphalt cement is primarily obtained from natural sources, such as rock asphalt and lake asphalt.

Asphalt concrete is a simple material consisting of only asphalt cement and mineral aggregates.

The first recorded use of asphalt as a road-building material was in 3500 BC.

Asphalt cement is waterproof and has the ability to adhere to solid particles such as aggregates.

Asphalt cement is a purely solid material.

The hot-mix construction method involves dissolving asphalt cement in selected petroleum solvents.

Cutback asphalt is used for road construction and paving purposes.

Most petroleum asphalt is used by the roofing industry.

Rock asphalt is obtained from the leftover of crude oil during refining.

Asphalt cement can be temporarily liquefied by emulsifying it.

Hardening of asphalt cement occurs as the solvents evaporate and primary bonds are reformed.

Cutback asphalts are classified into three types: slow-curing, medium-curing, and rapid-curing.

Emulsified asphalt is a fluid that is formed by dispersing asphalt cement in diesel fuel.

The solvent content of slow-curing cutback asphalt is typically between 15-45%.

Naphtha gasoline is used as a solvent in medium-curing cutback asphalt.

Emulsified asphalt is used for cold-laid pavement bases.

The application of rapid-curing cutback asphalt is limited to cold-laid pavement bases.

The asphalt particles recombine into a continuous film after the water evaporates in emulsified asphalt.

Kerosene is used as a solvent in slow-curing cutback asphalt.

Asphalt cement and water can mix together without the need for emulsifying agents.