29 Questions
Where is the occipital lobe located?
At the back of the head
Define and describe the circadian rhythm.
Related to the natural cycle of physical, mental, and behavioral processes that the body goes through in a 24-hour cycle, influenced by light and darkness.
Why are association areas important in the brain?
Because they are involved in higher mental functions like interpreting and acting on information processed in other areas.
Do people only use 10% of their brain?
No, the percentage varies and changes from person to person.
Describe the function of dendrites in a neuron's structure.
Send electric signals from the neurons to the cell body.
What is the main function of the frontal lobe?
Involved in speaking, muscle movement, making plans, and judgments.
What is the role of glial cells in a neuron's structure?
Supports and protects neurons.
Explain the function of myelin in neuron communication.
Allow the impulses to transmit quickly along the neurons.
What is the site of transmission of signals between two neurons?
Synapse.
Define neuropeptide and provide an example.
Small chemical substances produced and released by neurons through regulated routes. Example: Insulin.
Describe Abraham Maslow's original needs hierarchy.
Maslow's hierarchy describes a pyramid of human needs, with basic physiological needs at the bottom and self-actualization at the top.
What is autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological and developmental disorder that affects how people interact with others, communicate, learn, and behave.
What are the two key stages in Piaget's model that might be missed?
Schemas and Accommodation.
What are the weaknesses of Piaget's theory?
Case studies on limited children and generalized theory, lack of studying cultural settings and social interactions, and interviews not true to life and subject to interpretation.
How does Piaget and Vygotsky differ in their views on cognitive development?
Piaget believed cognitive development depends on children's interactions and is the same for all children. Vygotsky believed cognitive development depends on the culture of the children's society and varies according to culture.
What is the potential factor that has been suggested as a trigger for some cases of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) caused by changes in maternal hormones during pregnancy.
What is the key characteristic of the preoperational stage according to Piaget?
The key characteristic is egocentrism, where children struggle to see things from others' perspectives.
What is self-transcendence and how does it relate to Maslow's model?
Self-transcendence is the concept of personal progress in spiritual/mental fields, involving crossing personal boundaries and experiencing spiritual ideas. It is an extension of Maslow's model, as Maslow referred to transcendence as the highest and most inclusive levels of human consciousness.
Where is the medulla located and what is its main function?
The medulla is located at the base of the brainstem. Its main function is to control heartbeat and breathing.
What is the function of the amygdala and where is it located?
The amygdala is located in the temporal lobe, just in front of the hippocampus. Its main function is the processing of emotions and memories associated with fear.
Describe the location and main function of the hypothalamus.
The hypothalamus is a neural structure positioned below the thalamus. Its main functions include regulating body temperature, hunger, fatigue, and controlling the hormone system.
Where is the hippocampus located and what is its main function?
The hippocampus is located in the inner region of the temporal lobe. Its main function is storing long-term memories and making them hard to forget.
What is the main function of the cerebellum and where is it located?
The cerebellum, also known as the 'little brain,' is situated at the rear of the brainstem. Its main function involves coordinating movement and balance, and it can also play a role in cognitive functions like language.
What is classical conditioning and who conducted experiments on it?
Classical conditioning is a type of learning where two stimuli are linked, and events can be anticipated. Ivan Pavlov conducted experiments on classical conditioning.
Explain operant conditioning and who conducted experiments on it.
Operant conditioning is a type of learning where behavior is influenced by consequences. B.F. Skinner conducted experiments on operant conditioning.
Give an example of classical conditioning and explain the process involved.
An example of classical conditioning is teaching a dog to salivate when hearing a tone. This involves associating the tone (neutral stimulus) with the food (meaningful stimulus) to elicit a salivation response.
Provide an example of operant conditioning and describe how it works.
An example of operant conditioning is rewarding a rat with food when it presses a lever. This reinforces the behavior of pressing the lever, making it more likely to recur.
What are the key elements involved in classical conditioning?
The key elements in classical conditioning are the unconditioned stimulus (US), unconditioned response (UR), neutral stimulus (NS), conditioned stimulus (CS), and conditioned response (CR).
How does operant conditioning differ from classical conditioning?
Operant conditioning differs from classical conditioning in that it focuses on modifying behavior through consequences, such as reinforcement or punishment, while classical conditioning involves associating stimuli to elicit a response.
Test your knowledge on the central pacemaker of the circadian timing system, how it regulates most circadian rhythms in the body, controls sleep hormone melatonin, and the stages of sleep. Learn about NREM1 stage characteristics and how light affects melatonin production.
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