26 Questions
What is the diploid chromosome number in humans?
46
What are the sex chromosomes for a male human?
XY
Which cells are commonly used for chromosome analyses?
Bone marrow cells
What is the study of chromosomes and their inheritance called?
Cytogenetics
Which technique is commonly used for chromosome spreading and staining?
G banding
What is added to prevent mitotic spindle formation during chromosome harvesting?
Colcemid
Which type of cells can be used for long-term culture techniques?
Amniotic cells
What does high-resolution banding (HRB) help identify?
Chromosomal polymorphisms
What is added to the culture medium for chromosome isolation?
Fetal calf serum, certain amino acids, and antibiotics
How are chromosomes fixed after hypotonic shock during harvesting?
Methanol:acetic acid
What is the term for the chromosome number found in somatic cells?
Diploid chromosome number
What is the term for the chromosomes that are alike in males and females?
Autosomes
What do homologous chromosomes carry?
Same genes in the same locus
Which technique is commonly used for examining metaphase chromosomes?
High-resolution banding (HRB)
What is the most common technique for chromosome banding, generating 400 bands per haploid genome?
G banding
Which staining technique is used to identify distinct chromosomal regions, including centromeres and nucleolus organizing regions?
C banding
How many bands per haploid genome can high-resolution banding (HRB) reveal?
850 bands
What is added to the culture medium for chromosome isolation to prevent mitotic spindle formation?
$colcemid$
What is the first step in harvesting chromosomes after adding colcemid?
Hypotonic shock
How are chromosomes fixed after hypotonic shock during harvesting?
$Methanol:acetic acid$ fixation
What are chromosomes arranged in, with 22 autosomes and sex chromosomes classified based on length and centromere position?
Karyogram
What is the study of chromosomes and their inheritance called?
Cytogenetics
Which cells are commonly used for long-term culture techniques for chromosome isolation?
Amniotic cells
What is added to the culture medium for chromosome isolation as a source of nutrients?
Fetal calf serum
Which staining technique can reveal up to 850 bands and is used for identifying chromosomal polymorphisms?
High-resolution banding (HRB)
What does G banding reveal about chromosomes?
Presence of centromeres and heterochromatin
Study Notes
-
Chromosome isolation can be achieved using the direct method, where chromosomes are obtained from dividing cells, such as bone marrow cytotrophoblastic cells
-
Culture techniques include short-term (peripheral blood, bone marrow) and long-term (amniotic cells, skin, solid tumor) methods
-
Preparing culture medium involves adding fetal calf serum, certain amino acids, and antibiotics
-
Harvesting chromosomes involves adding colcemid to prevent mitotic spindle formation, followed by hypotonic shock, fixing with methanol:acetic acid, and washing with fresh fixative
-
Slide preparation includes chromosome spreading and staining using different banding techniques, such as G, Q, R, and C banding
-
G banding is the most common technique, generating 400 bands per haploid genome, and revealing the presence of centromeres and heterochromatin
-
High-resolution banding (HRB) can reveal up to 850 bands, and is used for identifying chromosomal polymorphisms
-
Chromosomes are arranged in a karyogram, with 22 autosomes and sex chromosomes classified based on length and centromere position
-
Banding techniques generate dark and light bands, allowing assessment of chromosome structure and morphology, and are preferred for routine diagnostics
-
C banding and NOR banding are selective staining techniques used to identify distinct chromosomal regions, including centromeres and nucleolus organizing regions.
-
Chromosome isolation can be achieved using the direct method, where chromosomes are obtained from dividing cells, such as bone marrow cytotrophoblastic cells
-
Culture techniques include short-term (peripheral blood, bone marrow) and long-term (amniotic cells, skin, solid tumor) methods
-
Preparing culture medium involves adding fetal calf serum, certain amino acids, and antibiotics
-
Harvesting chromosomes involves adding colcemid to prevent mitotic spindle formation, followed by hypotonic shock, fixing with methanol:acetic acid, and washing with fresh fixative
-
Slide preparation includes chromosome spreading and staining using different banding techniques, such as G, Q, R, and C banding
-
G banding is the most common technique, generating 400 bands per haploid genome, and revealing the presence of centromeres and heterochromatin
-
High-resolution banding (HRB) can reveal up to 850 bands, and is used for identifying chromosomal polymorphisms
-
Chromosomes are arranged in a karyogram, with 22 autosomes and sex chromosomes classified based on length and centromere position
-
Banding techniques generate dark and light bands, allowing assessment of chromosome structure and morphology, and are preferred for routine diagnostics
-
C banding and NOR banding are selective staining techniques used to identify distinct chromosomal regions, including centromeres and nucleolus organizing regions.
Test your knowledge about chromosomes, their structure, and functions. Learn about the number of chromosomes in human cells and the differences between somatic cells and sex cells.
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