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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a symptom of severe depression?
Which of the following is a symptom of severe depression?
What is the primary goal of treatment for postpartum depression?
What is the primary goal of treatment for postpartum depression?
Which of the following is a characteristic of bereavement overload?
Which of the following is a characteristic of bereavement overload?
What is the primary focus of the nursing process in assessing depression?
What is the primary focus of the nursing process in assessing depression?
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What is a characteristic of mild depression?
What is a characteristic of mild depression?
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What are common symptoms of depression in children under the age of 3?
What are common symptoms of depression in children under the age of 3?
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What is a goal of therapy with depressed children?
What is a goal of therapy with depressed children?
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What is a common symptom of depression in adolescents?
What is a common symptom of depression in adolescents?
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What is a type of therapy commonly used to help younger depressed children?
What is a type of therapy commonly used to help younger depressed children?
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What warning label do all antidepressants carry for children and adolescents?
What warning label do all antidepressants carry for children and adolescents?
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Study Notes
Developmental Implications
- Childhood depression:
- Symptoms vary by age:
- < age 3: feeding problems, tantrums, lack of playfulness, emotional expressiveness, failure to thrive, delays in speech and gross motor
- Ages 3-5: accident proneness, phobias, excessive self-reproach
- Ages 6-8: physical complaints, aggressive behavior, clinging behavior, lack of social skills
- Ages 9-12: morbid thoughts and excessive worrying, lack of interest to play with friends
- Other symptoms: hyperactivity, delinquency, school problems, sleeping and eating disturbances, social isolation, suicidal thoughts
- Focus of therapy: alleviate symptoms, strengthen coping and adaptive skills, and prevent future psychological problems
- Symptoms vary by age:
Adolescence
- Symptoms: anger, aggressiveness, running away, delinquency, social withdrawal, sexual acting out, substance abuse, restlessness, apathy
- Clue to differentiate depression from normal adolescent behavior: TBD
- Treatment:
- Supportive psychosocial intervention
- Antidepressant medication (carry FDA black-box warning for increased risk of suicidality)
Senescence
- Bereavement overload
- High percentage of suicides among the elderly
- Symptoms of depression often confused with symptoms of neurocognitive disorder
- Treatment:
- Antidepressant
- Electroconvulsive therapy
- Psychosocial therapies
Postpartum Depression
- Lasts weeks to months
- Associated with hormonal changes, tryptophan metabolism, or cell alterations
- Symptoms:
- Fatigue, irritability
- Loss of appetite
- Sleep disturbances
- Loss of libido
- Concern about inability to care for infant
- Treatment:
- Antidepressants
- Psychosocial therapies
Nursing Process/Assessment
- Severe depression marked by distress that interferes with social, occupational, cognitive, and emotional functioning
- Four spheres of human functioning:
- Affective
- Behavioral
- Cognitive
- Physiological
Levels of Depression
- Transient depression:
- Symptoms not necessarily dysfunctional
- Affective: "the blues"
- Behavioral: some crying
- Cognitive: some difficulty getting mind off of one's disappointment
- Physiological: feeling tired and listless
- Mild depression:
- Symptoms associated with normal grieving
- Affective: anger, anxiety
- Behavioral: tearful, regression
- Cognitive: preoccupied with loss
- Physiological: anorexia, insomnia
- Moderate depression:
- Symptoms associated with dysthymic disorder
- Affective: helpless, powerless
- Behavioral: slowed physical movements, slumped posture, limited verbalization
- Cognitive: retarded thinking process, difficulty with concentration
- Physiological: anorexia or overheating, sleep disturbance, headaches
- Severe depression:
- Includes symptoms of major depressive disorder and bipolar depression
- Affective: feelings of total despair, worthless, flat affect
- Behavioral: psychomotor retardation, curled-up position, absence of communication
- Cognitive: prevalent delusional thinking, with delusions of persecution and somatic delusions, confusions, suicidal thoughts
- Physiological: a general slow-down of the entire body
Diagnosis/Outcome
- The client:
- Has experienced no physical harm to self
- Discusses feelings with staff and family
- Expresses hopefulness
- Sets realistic goals for self
- Is willingly able to interact with others
- Eats a well-balanced diet
Planning/Implementation
- Risk for suicide: vulnerable to self-inflicted, life-threatening injury
- Short-term goals:
- Client will seek out...
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Description
This quiz covers the symptoms of depression in children of different age groups, from infancy to pre-teen years. Learn about the common signs and behaviors associated with childhood depression.
