Child Development Theories: Freud vs. Erikson
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Questions and Answers

A librarian aims to select materials that resonate with a child's emotional maturity. Which type of book would be MOST suitable for a child in middle school?

  • Middle-grade books that explore moral dilemmas and complex relationships. (correct)
  • Teen novels that challenge abstract thinking and identity formation.
  • Early chapter books that focus on simple narratives about animals.
  • Picture books that depict basic shapes and colors.
  • Why is it important for librarians to understand child development theories when building library collections?

  • To impress parents with their detailed knowledge of child psychology.
  • To select materials that are age-appropriate and engaging. (correct)
  • To ensure the library only stocks award-winning books.
  • To reduce the cost of purchasing irrelevant books.
  • A teen novel that challenges abstract thinking and identity formation is MOST appropriate for which age group?

  • Middle schoolers
  • High schoolers (correct)
  • Preschoolers
  • Early elementary students
  • Which resource would likely provide the MOST relevant information for a librarian seeking to deepen their understanding of how child development theories apply to library services?

    <p>A journal compiling articles from Early Childhood Studies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A librarian is organizing a summer reading program and wants to include activities that support cognitive development. Which type of book would MOST effectively meet the needs of elementary-aged children?

    <p>Picture books focusing on basic emotions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the theories of child development, why is it important for librarians to understand developmental milestones?

    <p>To curate collections that support cognitive, emotional, and social growth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might a librarian apply Freud's psychosexual theory when selecting books for young children?

    <p>By selecting books that address age-appropriate interests related to exploration of sensations and emotional regulation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does Erikson's psychosocial development theory influence the selection of library materials for infants and toddlers?

    <p>It emphasizes the importance of books that build trust and security. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of books selected for preschoolers, according to Erikson’s psychosocial development theory?

    <p>Supporting the development of autonomy with themes of independence and self-expression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might Piaget's cognitive development theory inform a librarian’s choice of books for toddlers and preschoolers?

    <p>By using simple, sensory-focused books that encourage environment exploration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a librarian wants to support the ‘Trust vs. Mistrust’ stage of Erikson's theory with appropriate library materials, which type of book would be most suitable?

    <p>A picture book with consistent, comforting routines and caregivers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A librarian is creating a story time for children in Piaget's preoperational stage. Which of the following strategies would be most appropriate based on Piaget's theory?

    <p>Incorporating hands-on activities and sensory experiences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Considering both Freud’s and Erikson’s theories, what common element should librarians look for when selecting materials for children entering school?

    <p>Materials that encourage exploration and competency. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory, what best describes the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?

    <p>The gap between what a child can do alone and what they can achieve with guidance from a more knowledgeable person. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A librarian aims to implement B.F. Skinner’s behaviorism theory when selecting books. What type of story would align with this approach?

    <p>A picture book that rewards positive behaviors, such as cooperation and kindness, through its storyline. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory, which type of book would be most effective for helping teenagers understand and navigate complex social situations?

    <p>A novel where characters face ethical dilemmas and learn through observing the outcomes of their choices. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Bowlby's Attachment Theory, what kind of books are most suitable for infants and toddlers in a library setting?

    <p>Books that provide comfort, security, and promote attachment through repetitive and soothing themes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A librarian wants to create a reading list that aligns with Piaget's stages of cognitive development. What criteria should they prioritize when selecting books for elementary school children?

    <p>Books that encourage logical thinking, problem-solving, and concrete examples. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can librarians best use developmental theories to curate library collections?

    <p>By curating collections that align with the cognitive, social, and emotional stages of development. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is an example of a book that supports positive behavioral outcomes promoting learning through consequences?

    <p>A book that shows the results of actions, whether positive or negative, to teach children how behaviors lead to certain outcomes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A librarian is selecting books that encourage interaction and discussion among children. Which of the following strategies aligns with this goal?

    <p>Selecting materials that encourage dialogue, such as books that prompt discussion or joint participation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Child Development

    Growth in perceptual, emotional, intellectual, and behavioral abilities during childhood.

    Library Materials and Child Development

    Understanding child development aids librarians in selecting age-appropriate resources that foster growth.

    Developmental Milestones

    Key stages in child development that librarians must understand for collection curation.

    Psychosexual Theory

    Freud's theory where children pass through stages focused on pleasure from different body areas.

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    Emotional Regulation

    Understanding and managing emotions, crucial for children's development.

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    Psychosocial Development Theory

    Erikson's theory that emphasizes conflict resolution throughout life stages.

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    Key Stages in Erikson's Theory

    Conflict stages like Trust vs. Mistrust and Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt in child development.

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    Cognitive Development Stages

    Piaget's stages: Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, and Formal Operational.

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    Concrete Operational Stage

    The developmental stage where children think logically about concrete events.

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    Formal Operational Stage

    The stage where abstract thinking and moral reasoning develop.

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    Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

    The gap between what a child can do alone and with guidance.

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    Behaviorism

    A theory suggesting behavior is shaped by reinforcement and punishment.

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    Social Learning Theory

    Learning through observing and imitating others' behaviors.

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    Attachment Theory

    Early relationships affect emotional and social development.

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    Positive Reinforcement in Literature

    Using stories to reward good behavior and encourage moral lessons.

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    Developmental Theory in Libraries

    Using developmental theories to select books that align with children's growth stages.

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    Age-Appropriate Material

    Books suited to a child's cognitive and emotional development.

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    Picture Books

    Books focusing on basic emotions and social concepts for younger children.

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    Middle-Grade Books

    Books that explore moral dilemmas and complex relationships for children.

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    Teen Novels

    Books aimed at teens that challenge abstract thought and identity issues.

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    Promoting Developmental Outcomes

    Using understanding of child development to select engaging materials.

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    Study Notes

    Theories of Child Development

    • Child development encompasses the growth of perceptual, emotional, intellectual, and behavioral capabilities during childhood.
    • Understanding child development is crucial for librarians to curate effective library collections, selecting age-appropriate materials that foster healthy growth.
    • Librarians must understand developmental milestones to curate collections that support cognitive, emotional, and social growth.

    Psychoanalytical vs. Psychosocial Theory

    • Psychoanalytical Theory (Freud): Humans have unconscious and irrational drives influencing their behavior.
    • Stages:
    • Oral (birth-1 year)
    • Anal (1-3 years)
    • Phallic (3-6 years)
    • Latency (6-11 years)
    • Genital (adolescence)
    • Psychosocial Theory (Erikson): Several stages influence development (crises).
    • Stages:
    • Trust vs. Mistrust (infancy)
    • Autonomy vs. Shame (2-4 years)
    • Initiative vs. Guilt (4-6 years)
    • Industry vs. Inferiority (6-11 years)
    • Identity vs. Confusion (adolescence)
    • Intimacy vs. Isolation (young adulthood)
    • Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle adulthood)
    • Integrity vs. Despair (late adulthood)

    Psychosocial Development

    • Psychosocial is a combination of psychology and sociology.
    • First Year:
    • Social Smile: When a child smiles at a familiar face
    • Stranger Wariness: when an infant becomes wary when meeting a stranger
    • Separation Anxiety: When a child becomes distressed when a caregiver leaves.
    • Second Year: Self-awareness: When a child realizes their individuality separate from others.

    Psychoanalytical Theory (Oral and Anal Stages)

    • Oral stage occurs during the first year, driven by the mouth for pleasure.
    • Anal stage occurs during the second year, focusing on potty training.

    Psychosocial Theory (Trust and Autonomy)

    • Trust vs. Mistrust: Infants learn to trust people and the world based on their early experiences.
    • Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt: Toddlers want control; a lack of control leads to shame and/or doubt.

    Cognitive Theory (Working Model)

    • Infants conceptualize and categorize their experiences.
    • Social learning theory states that knowledge comes from observing others (Imitation).

    Psychosocial Development (Initiative vs. Guilt)

    • Self-Esteem: The child assesses their worth, intelligence, and confidence.
    • Self-Concept: The child understands their personality and appearance.
    • Intrinsic Motivation: Goals and desires deriving from within the individual.

    Emotion Regulation

    • Externalization: Expressing emotions openly and/or acting aggressively (ex: anger).
    • Internalization: Lack of expressing emotions, feelings of guilt, shame, or worthlessness.
    • Empathy: Understanding others' feelings/emotions.
    • Antipathy: Inability to feel empathy (against others)
    • Antisocial Behavior: Inability to socialize.
    • Prosocial Behavior: Positive social interactions.
    • Emotional Intelligence: Evaluating and expressing emotions.

    Sigmund Freud's Psychosexual Theory

    • Freud's theories detail three major components of personality: ID, Ego, and Superego.
    • Children pass through stages focusing on pleasure derived from various body parts.
    • Impact on library materials means encouraging age-appropriate books and materials that promote emotional regulation.
    • Includes oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages.

    Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory

    • Erikson's theory examines the progression of personality throughout the lifespan (from birth to old age), with a focus on psychosocial development.
    • Children pass through stages of trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. role confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation and integrity vs. despair.

    Jean Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory

    • Piaget's theory focuses on children's cognitive or mental development.
    • Children think differently at different ages, progressing through stages.
    • Four Stages of development: Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational.
    • Impact on library materials involves books for toddlers/preschoolers, elementary children(encouraging logic), and teen books(challenging abstract thinking).

    Lev Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory

    • Vygotsky's theory emphasizes social interactions and cultural context.
    • The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is crucial, representing the difference between what a child can do independently versus with guidance.
    • Impact on library materials means choosing books that support interaction and collaboration, and scaffolding learning with hints or further information.

    B.F. Skinner's Behaviorism

    • Skinner's theory focuses on how behavior is shaped by reinforcement and/or punishment.
    • Positive reinforcement through rewards or modeling good behavior is crucial for learning.
    • Impact on library materials is positive reinforcement through story rewards/characters, stories promoting positive behaviors such as cooperation, kindness, and honesty, and displaying consequences for both good and bad behavior.

    Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory

    • Learning occurs through observation and imitation of others.
    • Impact on library materials is using characters to reinforce positive behaviors.
    • Children learn through observation or social interactions.

    John Bowlby's Attachment Theory

    • Early attachment relationships significantly influence social and emotional development.
    • Impact on library materials includes age-appropriate books providing comfort, security, and promoting attachment for infants and toddlers, and those promoting trust and bonding for older children.

    Incorporating Developmental Theories into Library Collections

    • Understanding theories helps librarians curate collections aligned with developmental stages.
    • Age-appropriate selection is crucial, considering materials matching cognitive and emotional readiness.
    • Examples include picture books for younger children, middle-grade books, and teen novels focusing on different developmental themes.

    Arnold Gesell's Developmental Theory

    • Gesell's theory centers on observed physical development of children and normal sequences of growth.
    • Providing age-appropriate development norms for physical development.

    Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory

    • Kohlberg's theory centers on moral development, exploring stages from preconventional to postconventional levels.
    • Children move through stages, progressing in how they determine right from wrong.
    • Emphasizes moral reasoning stages for children.

    Abraham Maslow's Humanistic Theory

    • Maslow's theory explores the hierarchy of needs, with basic survival needs (physiological) at the foundation and progressing to more complex human needs (esteem, self-actualization).
    • The theory emphasizes basic needs and how fulfillment relates to motivation.

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    Description

    Explore child development theories, focusing on Freud's psychoanalytical and Erikson's psychosocial perspectives. Understand the developmental stages and their impacts. Ideal for librarians curating age-appropriate resources.

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