school age 6-8 years week 4
96 Questions
0 Views

school age 6-8 years week 4

Created by
@TriumphantQuasar

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of resilience as it applies to school-aged children?

  • Resilience is a fixed trait that cannot change over time.
  • Resilience varies along a continuum that includes thriving. (correct)
  • Resilience is solely about surviving tough situations.
  • Resilience does not take social factors into account.

    • What cognitive ability allows children to understand that both physical actions and mental operations can be reversed?

  • Decentration
  • Inductive logic
  • Metacognition
  • Reversibility (correct)

    • Which process involves grouping ideas to improve memory retention?

  • Rehearsal
  • Metacognition
  • Organization (correct)
  • Decentration

    • What cognitive change signifies a child's ability to consider multiple perspectives in problem-solving?

    <p>Decentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What improvement in cognitive function allows children to use their short-term memory capacity more efficiently?

    <p>Enhanced information-processing skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a crucial skill for literacy development in children aged 6-12?

    <p>Phonological awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of Gardner's Multiple Intelligences?

    <p>Emotional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of Sternberg's theory of intelligence involves understanding appropriate behavior in specific situations?

    <p>Contextual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal of teaching grammar and writing techniques to children?

    <p>To assist with sound-symbol connection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which multiple intelligence reflects the ability to understand one's own feelings and motivations?

    <p>Intrapersonal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected annual growth in height for children aged 6-8 years?

    <p>5 to 8 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skill improvements are associated with myelinization of neural axons?

    <p>Fine motor skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of children exceed the recommended amount of sedentary behavior?

    <p>37%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physical change is most likely to improve in children during middle childhood?

    <p>Improved hand-eye coordination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What health risk are overweight children susceptible to later in life?

    <p>Type II diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During middle childhood, how does spatial cognition differ between genders?

    <p>Males score better in spatial orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major flaw of BMI as a measurement for children's health?

    <p>It doesn't account for fat distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended minimum duration of physical activity for children each day?

    <p>60 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pattern of aggression is more commonly observed in females compared to males?

    <p>Relational aggression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to a 15-year longitudinal study, what effect does exposure to TV violence have on adults?

    <p>Higher rates of direct physical aggression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of desensitization associated with exposure to TV violence?

    <p>Cognitive and emotional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the best friend relationship in childhood?

    <p>They foster emotional and social support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact can exposure to violence on television have on children's behavior?

    <p>It can teach both positive and negative behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Erikson's stage of industry versus inferiority emphasize for children in middle childhood?

    <p>Achieving mastery of culturally defined tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the Canadian population is estimated to experience learning problems related to learning disabilities from early childhood?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are modified programs and Individual Education Plans (IEPs) designed to do?

    <p>Help children with special needs achieve curriculum outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about overall IQ scores for males and females is true?

    <p>IQ scores reveal no consistent differences between sexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Big Five personality model, what is significant about the emergence of stable traits in middle childhood?

    <p>They contribute to the feeling of competence in children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The concept of ______ involves survival, perseverance, recovery, and thriving in school-aged children.

    <p>resilience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Piaget, the ______ Operational Stage involves understanding that actions can be reversed.

    <p>Concrete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of ______ involves mental or vocal repetition to enhance memory retention.

    <p>rehearsal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Advancements in ______ skills lead to better strategies for remembering and problem-solving.

    <p>information-processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Decentration refers to the ability to consider multiple ______ in cognitive tasks.

    <p>perspectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Literacy, the ability to read and write, is the focus of education in the ______ year old period.

    <p>6-12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phonological awareness is an important ______ skill.

    <p>literacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Gardner's Multiple Intelligences, the ability to appreciate spatial relationships is referred to as ______ intelligence.

    <p>spatial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sternberg's component of intelligence that involves learning to give specific responses without thinking about them is known as ______ intelligence.

    <p>experiential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the development of basic grammar, most children master it by around ______ years.

    <p>5 or 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By the end of middle childhood, children's self-concepts include two new components: psychological self and ______.

    <p>valued self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Children's ability to understand others is enhanced by the development of a theory of ______ in early childhood.

    <p>mind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Descriptions of other people move from ______ to abstract as children grow older.

    <p>concrete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    6-8 year olds rely on their parents' presence, support, and ______ despite spending less time with them.

    <p>affections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Having meals together is the best predictor of significantly better academic ______.

    <p>success</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During middle childhood, children grow in height by approximately ______ cm each year.

    <p>5 to 8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Improvements in large muscle coordination also lead to better ______ coordination and skill development.

    <p>hand-eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Overweight children are at risk for developing type II diabetes and ______ disease later in life.

    <p>cardiovascular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately ______ of children fail to meet the recommended daily duration of physical activity.

    <p>1/4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of myelinization across the cerebral cortex is linked to improvements in ______ motor skills.

    <p>fine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spatial perception is believed to be improved through activities and play preferences that typically engage ______.

    <p>males</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Children who are overweight in childhood have a higher likelihood of becoming ______ adults.

    <p>overweight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Children are recommended to have at least ______ minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity every day.

    <p>60</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Physical aggression becomes less common as children learn the cultural rules about when and how much it is acceptable to display ______.

    <p>anger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Relational aggression aimed at damaging another's self-esteem or peer relationships is more common in ______.

    <p>females</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 15-year longitudinal study found that TV violence leads to high amounts of direct physical aggression in adults of both genders and indirect aggression in ______.

    <p>females</p> Signup and view all the answers

    TV violence leads to emotional ______ regarding violence.

    <p>desensitization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At every age, males show more physical aggression and more ______ than do females.

    <p>assertiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the concept of resilience on a continuum help in understanding children’s responses to challenges?

    <p>It illustrates that children can exhibit various levels of resilience, from merely surviving to thriving, depending on their experiences and support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does decentration play in cognitive development during the Concrete Operational Stage?

    <p>Decentration enables children to consider multiple variables in problem-solving, enhancing their ability to think critically and understand complex situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain how improving information-processing skills affects a child's learning capabilities.

    <p>With improved information-processing skills, children can remember information more efficiently and apply strategies for learning and problem-solving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the ability to utilize rehearsals and organizational strategies important for school-aged children's memory retention?

    <p>These strategies enhance memory retention by promoting repeated exposure to information and grouping related concepts together, making recall more manageable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what ways does reversibility in children's thinking contribute to their understanding of the world?

    <p>Reversibility allows children to comprehend that actions and thoughts can be undone, which enhances their problem-solving skills and conceptual understanding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What neurological development is linked to improved fine motor skills in children during middle childhood?

    <p>The steady increase in myelinization of neural axons across the cerebral cortex is linked to improved fine motor skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the long-term health risks associated with overweight children?

    <p>Overweight children are predisposed to developing type II diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease later in life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does spatial cognition typically differ between boys and girls during middle childhood?

    <p>Boys typically score better than girls in spatial orientation due to play preferences that may enhance this ability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended minimum daily duration of physical activity for school-aged children?

    <p>Children are recommended to have at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity daily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What improvements in skills are children likely to experience due to enhanced hand-eye coordination?

    <p>Children experience improvements in writing, drawing, and other fine motor skills due to enhanced hand-eye coordination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of the emotional bonds formed with peers during middle childhood according to Freud?

    <p>Freud believed that forming emotional bonds with peers helps children move beyond dependence on their parents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the dimensions of the Big Five personality model manifest during middle childhood?

    <p>The Big Five dimensions become identifiable and stable during middle childhood, contributing to feelings of competence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the 'industry vs. inferiority' stage in Erikson's theory?

    <p>This stage emphasizes the importance of mastering culturally defined learning tasks to develop a sense of competence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the Canadian population is estimated to experience learning problems stemming from early childhood disabilities?

    <p>Approximately 10% of the Canadian population is affected by learning problems related to childhood disabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are modified programs and Individual Education Plans (IEPs) designed to achieve?

    <p>They are designed to adjust teaching methods to help children with special needs meet standard curriculum outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the relationship between the emergence of stable traits and feelings of competence in children.

    <p>The emergence of stable personality traits in middle childhood contributes significantly to children's feelings of competence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way children in middle childhood can develop a sense of industry?

    <p>Children can develop a sense of industry by mastering skills and tasks recognized within their culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the development of emotional bonds with peers influence a child's behavioral skills?

    <p>The development of emotional bonds with peers enhances social skills and emotional regulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do exceptional child programs play in education?

    <p>Exceptional child programs provide necessary adjustments in teaching methods to support children with unique learning needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what ways does the stability of personality traits in middle childhood affect children's behavior?

    <p>The stability of personality traits helps children respond consistently in social situations, influencing their interactions and behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Resilience in school-aged children can only be viewed as a linear progression from surviving to thriving.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Decentration allows children to focus on multiple perspectives when solving problems.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reversibility refers to the inability to understand that physical actions and mental operations can be undone.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Information-processing skills improve steadily as children grow older, enhancing their memory function.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Executive processes in cognitive development are unrelated to metacognition.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Children show sharp improvements in their fine motor coordination during middle childhood due to increased myelinization of neural axons.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Overweight and obese children are at a lower risk of developing type II diabetes as they grow older.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Girls outperform boys in spatial orientation tests due to their early play preferences.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Around 25% of children do not meet the recommended daily duration of physical activity.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Children typically grow in height by approximately 2.75 cm each year during middle childhood.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Children typically master basic grammar by around 5 or 6 years old.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phonological awareness is considered an unimportant skill in literacy development.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sternberg's contextual component of intelligence refers to the ability to understand oneself.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gardner identifies eight distinct intelligences, including linguistic and bodily/kinesthetic.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ability to engage in logical problem solving is termed naturalist intelligence.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Componential intelligence in Sternberg's theory involves using effective strategies.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Children aged 6-12 years primarily focus on emotional intelligence in education.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Speaking politely and persuasively are advanced skills children learn during conversations.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Comprehension strategies include learning sound-symbol connections to aid writing and spelling.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By the end of middle childhood, children's self-concepts consist of only a psychological self.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Physical Development

    • Physical growth changes are as significant as in early childhood although less obvious.
    • Children grow 5-8cm in height and gain 2.75kg each year during middle childhood.
    • Large muscle coordination improves, resulting in increases in strength, speed, and hand-eye coordination.
    • Fine motor skills enhance writing and drawing abilities, as well as other activities like cutting.
    • Myelinization of neural axons across the cerebral cortex increases, impacting sensory and motor areas first. This may contribute to improved fine motor skills and hand-eye coordination.

    Lateralization of the Brain

    • The right hemisphere exhibits increased specialization, particularly in spatial perception.
    • Boys tend to score better on spatial orientation tests than girls, possibly due to their earlier play experiences.
    • Visual experiences play a crucial role in developing spatial perception.

    Health Concerns

    • Overweight children are at a higher risk of becoming overweight adults and have an increased predisposition to developing type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer later in life.
    • Physical activity is recommended for at least 60 minutes a day, with no more than two hours of screen time or other passive activities.
    • Children are more likely to develop resilience when they are actively involved in solving problems instead of simply "fighting back" or "persevering."

    Cognitive Development

    • Concrete Operational Stage (Piaget): Children demonstrate the ability to think about multiple variables (decentration) and understand that both physical actions and mental operations can be reversed (reversibility).
    • Inductive logic improves, allowing children to draw general principles from specific experiences. Deductive logic, however, remains underdeveloped.
    • Information-processing skills continue to improve as memory function and processing efficiency increase steadily with age.

    Executive Processes

    • Executive processes involve developing and executing strategies for problem-solving and remembering, focusing on how the mind works (metacognition).
    • Rehearsal (mental or vocal repetition) and organization (grouping ideas, objects, or words into clusters) are effective information processing strategies.

    Language Development

    • Mastery of basic grammar is typically achieved by age 5-6.
    • Children learn to maintain conversation topics, construct clear sentences, and engage in persuasive or polite communication.

    Literacy

    • Literacy involves the ability to read and write, a significant focus of education during the 6-12 year period.
    • Phonological awareness is a fundamental skill, and understanding word parts enhances reading comprehension.
    • Comprehending strategies include sound-symbol connections for writing and spelling, and the need to teach grammar and writing techniques like punctuation and capitalization.

    Intelligence

    • Gardner's Multiple Intelligences:
      • Linguistic: Language prowess
      • Logical-mathematical: Ability to use numbers and solve logical problems
      • Musical: Appreciation and creation of music
      • Spatial: Understanding spatial relationships
      • Bodily-kinesthetic: Coordinated movement ability
      • Naturalist: Discrimination among flora and fauna, patterns, and designs
      • Interpersonal: Sensitivity to others' moods, behaviors, and needs
      • Intrapersonal: Self-awareness
    • Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence:
      • Contextual: Knowing the right behavior for different situations
      • Experiential: Responding without conscious thought
      • Componential: Developing effective strategies

    Self-Concept

    • Children's understanding of themselves improves from ages 6-12.
    • They incorporate two new components into their self-concepts by the end of middle childhood:
      • Psychological self: Understanding of stable internal traits
      • Valued self: Global evaluation of self-worth
    • Self-esteem tends to be relatively stable in the short-term but can fluctuate over several years.
    • Development of self-efficacy is also crucial.

    Social Cognition

    • Children's understanding of others deepens due to the development of a theory of mind in early childhood.
    • Descriptions of others become more abstract. Younger children focus on physical characteristics, while older children incorporate inner qualities and traits.

    Family Relationships

    • Although children spend less time with parents, their presence, support, and affection remain essential from 6-8 years old.

    Mealtime Benefits

    • Family meals show a strong correlation with positive outcomes:
      • Better academic performance
      • Fewer behavioral problems
      • Improved psychological adjustment
      • Better nutrition and fewer maladaptive coping mechanisms in adolescence.

    Friendships

    • Best Friends: These relationships become an essential part of middle childhood.
    • Supportive: Children are open and supportive of their friends.

    Aggression

    • Physical aggression diminishes as children learn cultural norms regarding acceptable anger and aggression.
    • Males exhibit more physical aggression and assertiveness than females at all ages.
    • Relational aggression, targeting another's self-esteem or social connections, is more prevalent in females.

    Television and Aggression

    • A 15-year longitudinal study found that TV violence leads to higher levels of physical aggression in adults of both genders and indirect aggression in females.
    • Exposure to TV violence can lead to emotional desensitization, the belief that aggression is an effective problem-solving tool, and reduced pro-social behavior.
    • TV should be considered an educational medium, teaching both positive and negative behaviors.

    Learning

    • Short-term learning: This involves using methods like diagrams, models, and pictures for quick information processing.
    • Long-term learning: This includes peer influence, role models, and hands-on experiences like analogies, responsibility, fun, and reflexes, which contribute to long-lasting knowledge acquisition.

    Physical Changes

    • During middle childhood, children grow 5-8 cm in height and gain 2.75 kg each year.
    • Large muscle coordination improves, leading to increases in strength, speed, and hand-eye coordination.
    • Fine motor coordination development allows children to write, draw, cut, and perform various other tasks.
    • Myelination of neural axons across the cerebral cortex continues, with sensory and motor areas affected first, contributing to improved fine motor skills and hand-eye coordination.
    • Lateralization of the brain increases, with the right hemisphere playing a crucial role in spatial perception.
    • Boys tend to score better on spatial orientation tasks, possibly due to early play preferences that enhance this ability.
    • Visual experience plays a significant role in developing spatial perception.

    Healthy Bodies

    • Half of overweight children become overweight adults.
    • Overweight and obese children are at higher risk of developing type II diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease later in life.
    • Physical activity: One-fourth of children fail to meet the recommended daily duration of physical activity (60 minutes or more of moderate to vigorous intensity).
    • Sedentary behavior: 37% of children exceed the sedentary behavior recommendation (no more than two hours per day of screen time or other passive non-school related activities).

    Cognitive Changes

    • Piaget's Concrete Operational Stage:
      • Decentration: Thinking that takes multiple variables into account.
      • Reversibility: Understanding that both physical actions and mental operations can be reversed.
      • Increased inductive logic allows children to go from a specific experience to a general principle, but deductive logic is still developing.
    • Information-Processing Skills:
      • Memory function continues to improve, and processing efficiency increases steadily with age.
      • Executive processes: Advancement in information-processing skills involving devising and carrying out strategies for remembering and solving problems, based on an understanding of how the mind works (metacognition).
      • Rehearsal: Mental or vocal repetition for remembering information.
      • Organization: Grouping ideas, objects, or words into clusters to aid in remembering them.

    Learning Disabilities

    • Approximately 10% of the Canadian population may experience learning problems that can continue from early childhood.
    • Exceptional Child: A child with special learning needs, requiring adjustments in teaching methods to help them achieve standard curriculum outcomes.

    Personality

    • Freud: Emotional bonds with peers become more important than those with parents during middle childhood.
    • The Big Five: Five major dimensions of personality (stable and related to competence) emerge and become more stable in middle childhood.
    • Industry vs. Inferiority (Erikson): Developing a sense of competence through mastering culturally defined learning tasks.

    Self-Concept

    • Children's understanding of themselves improves between ages 6-12.
    • By the end of middle childhood, children's self-concepts include two new components:
      • Psychological Self: Understanding one's stable internal traits.
      • Valued Self: Global evaluation of one's self-worth.
    • Self-esteem generally remains stable in the short term but can fluctuate over longer periods.
    • Development of self-efficacy.

    Social Cognition

    • Children's ability to understand others improves during middle childhood.
    • Descriptions of other people shift from concrete to abstract.
    • Children aged 6-7 focus on physical features, while those aged 7-8 begin to focus on inner qualities and traits.

    Family Relationships

    • Children aged 6-8 rely on their parents' presence, support, and affection, despite spending less time with them.

    Aggression

    • Physical aggression becomes less common as children learn social rules about anger and aggression.
    • Males tend to exhibit more physical aggression and assertiveness than females at all ages.
    • Relational aggression, aimed at damaging another's self-esteem or peer relationships, is more common in females.

    TV and Aggression

    • A 15-year longitudinal study found that TV violence leads to higher instances of direct physical aggression in both genders and indirect aggression in females.
    • Effects of TV violence:
      • Emotional desensitization regarding violence
      • Belief that aggression is a good way to solve problems
      • Reduction in prosocial behavior

    Learning

    • Short-term learning strategies: Diagrams, models, and pictures.
    • Long-term learning strategies: Peers, role models, analogies, responsibility, and fun.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    School Age 6-8 Years PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores key concepts in child development psychology, focusing on resilience, cognitive abilities, memory processes, and multiple intelligences as they apply to school-aged children. Test your understanding of these fundamental ideas and their implications for teaching and learning. Perfect for educators and psychology students alike!

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser