Child Development and Sensory Perception

interpretation of information regarding the relative position of the body parts to each other, the position of the body in space, and an awareness of the body's movements

ability to recognize objects by feeling their form, size, and weight while the eyes are closed

<p>Middle childhood: more independence, can do the things independently, but need reminders/supervision. By preadolescence more independent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Expanded in sports activities, more gender segregated, more self-direction and self-discovery: leisure. (ex- collecting figurines/hobbies/crafts). Social play.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>changes in the endocrine system, changes in secondary sex characteristics appear and the reproductive system reaches maturity. Adolescence begins, can be as early as 10 for some girls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>end portion of a long bone, initially separated from the shaft (diaphysis) by a section of cartilage. How children grow in terms of height!</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>13.5 years in boys and 11.5 years in girls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>24 to 36 months, during this time the epiphyseal portion of the bone is especially vulnerable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 in 5 adolescents (ages 12-19) in the U.S. are classified as obese.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peer pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronologically, from adolescent to late adulthood:</p> <ol> <li>Identity (teen)</li> <li>Intimacy (young adult)</li> <li>Career (middle)</li> <li>Generativity (later middle)</li> <li>Keeper of meaning (late)</li> <li>Peace and unity (very late)</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Not everyone goes to executive stage- requires both opportunity and intrinsic ability!</p> <ol> <li>Acquisitive</li> <li>Achieving</li> <li>Responsible</li> <li>Reorganizational- retirement, thinking about new roles.</li> <li>Reintegrative Achieve integrity, find meaning + Legacy creating</li> </ol> <ul> <li>Executive can start early</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adaptive and palliative coping</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Role changes: Empty nest or work-role attachment, sandwich generation, grandparenting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Career stages: Consolidation, maintenance, deceleration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary aging is the inevitable decline of biological functions, while secondary aging is the result of lifestyle factors and disease. Primary aging is irreversible, while secondary aging can often be prevented or reversed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary is irreversible, inevitable. Secondary is preventable, can be reversed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>•More resources •Less demand •More help</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>children with medical challenges who spend time in NICU. Parents of high-risk infants often experience PTSD and depression. Extensive discharge planning is given.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Baby's insufficient weight gain or inappropriate weight loss. OTs should ask about feeding and work with parents on infant feeding (feeding positioning, routines, oral-motor, sensory issues, gag reflex).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>birth defects. Structural or functional. 1 in 33 US babies yearly. 20% of infant deaths.</p> <ul> <li>Congenital heart defects (often in ventricle walls)</li> <li>Cleft lip and palate</li> <li>Neural tube defects</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

<p>congenital heart defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spina Bifida (opening of spinal cord)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Down syndrome- most common chromosomal condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Full or partial extra copy of chromosome 21 (21st pair has 3 so also called Trisomy 21)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CP is a group of chronic nonprogressive conditions affecting movement and muscle coordination, caused by brain damage before, during, or shortly after birth. Most common motor disability in childhood.</p> <ul> <li>not typically considered birth defect.-</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

<p>lifelong physical and associated mental/intellectual disorders of the developing nervous system that manifest prior to age 22. Includes delay or limitations of function in one or multiple domains, including motor performance, cognition, hearing and speech, vision, and behavior. ex. ASD, ADD, Learning disabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>difficulties with social interaction and communication, as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LD: high IQ but can't use academic skills</p> <p>ID: limitations in intellectual functioning (low IQ) and adaptive behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Borderline is 70-85 ID is 70 &amp; Below</p> <p>Mild (most with ID): 50-70, Full independence.</p> <p>Moderate: 35-49, Partial dependence- independent in ADLs, need support with IADLs</p> <p>Severe: 20-34, Limited ADLs.</p> <p>Profound: less than 20. Need full support.</p> <p>IMPORTANT: use functional performance to inform goals and interventions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>affect mood, behavior or functioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selective mutism and generalized anxiety disorder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contextual factors such as poverty, health policy, science and technological influences, and social support systems, disability subcultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Occurring before age of 10 are more easily integrated into self-concept/identity, than those occurring late adolescence or young adulthood (forcing change in roles, self-concept). Challenging in late adulthood but not as devastating to the person than if it was when they were younger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoarthritis &amp; RA</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>OA: later in life, degeneration of joint cartilage and underlying bone. Starts one side.</p> <p>RA: autoimmune disease. affects joints but also inflammatory for organs and tissues. Swelling. Can appear anytime in life. Rapid onset. Both sides of body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>32 inches without frame, 36 inches with frame</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>12 feet wide with 48 inches on either side</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5ft by 5ft minimum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ul> <li>Germinal Stage: conception-2 weeks</li> <li>Embryonic: weeks 3-8</li> <li>Fetal: Weeks 9-birth</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conception to Week 2. Zygote -&gt; Rapid mitotic divisions -&gt; Blastocyst -&gt; Travels to uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weeks 3-8 Morphologic development: organogenesis (neural tube formed) Most susceptible to teratogens causing congenital anomalies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>embryonic period, or conception-8weeks because of organogenesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>embryonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During the fetal period, the fetus is growing and maturing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>37 weeks or more. Less than 37 is preterm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>first month after birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>first day from last menstrual period. Chronological begins at birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>hard to change, stable patterns of movement in the infant. Predictable but not obligatory (ex- some infants skip crawling).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>a baby's tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward the touch, open the mouth, and search for the nipple</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primitive reflexes. Pressure in palm or sole of foot. Toes or fingers flex. If sustained too long, will cause issues with motor skills. OTs help integrate these reflexes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primitive reflex where a baby will startle in response to a loud sound or sudden movement by opening up their arms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>with head turned to one side, arm and leg on face side are extended and arm and leg on scalp side are flexed. this reflex could interfere with an infant's ability to roll from prone to supine if not integrated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>governs sleep/wake cycles and other intrinsic behaviors</p> <p>I. Deep Sleep II. Active or REM sleep III. Transitioning to wakeful IV. Quiet alert V. Active alert VI. Crying</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IV. Quiet alert.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biologic Risk: Down Syndrome Environmental Risk: Societal level: neglect, air quality, low SES</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neonatal period. period beginning about the seventh month of pregnancy and continuing until about four weeks after birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>condition of good physical, emotional, and mental health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>the management of factors that could lead to impairment, disease, or disability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>provision of information that makes positive contributions to the health of consumers, whether they are individuals, families, employers, or community groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>the conditions in the environments where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Economic Stability, Education Access and Quality Health Care Access and Quality Neighborhood and Built Environment Social and Community Context</p> <p>-&gt; Goal is to prevent bad outcomes and promote health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>do a community needs assessment (review of existing data, gather info form community).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>monitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>improvements in morbidity, mortality etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>First law to outline the basic civil rights of people with disabilities: prohibits discrimination in federally assisted programs. Ex: Public Schools</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prohibits discrimination in all areas of public life. Also applies to employment: employers have to make reasonable accommodations. Ex: accessible restrooms in restaurants or public spaces. Ex: Accessible transportation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The federal law that prohibits discrimination in housing based on race, color, religion, sex, handicap, familial status, and national origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ul> <li>Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE): Students must receive free tailored education.</li> <li>Least Restrictive Environment (LRE): Educated alongside non-disabled peers (INCLUSIVE CLASSROOM, skills transfer for natural environment)</li> <li>Individualized Education Program (IEP): Customized plan outlining goals, services and accommodations.</li> <li>Related Services: OTs, PTs, speech</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A federal program of health insurance for persons 65 years of age and older, and for individuals with disabilities, or chronic conditions.</p> <p>PART A: Inpatient PART B: Outpatient PART C: Additional, private premiums. PART D: Prescription Drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>outpatient services</p> Signup and view all the answers

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<p>broader coverage in medicaid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ul> <li>Expands access to medicaid (138% of poverty level)</li> <li>mandates businesses (50 or more employees) offer health insurance</li> <li>Eliminates cost of screenings</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provided by ACA, must include 10 essential health benefits for people with incomes between 138-200% of poverty level.</p> <ul> <li>Includes rehabilitative and habilitative services.</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Often involves children, helping them attain the skills of daily living. EI, pediatrics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A committee set up by a corporation, labor union, or interest group that raises and spends campaign money from voluntary donations Ex- AOTA has one, they fundraise</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ul> <li>Stands on one foot 3 seconds</li> <li>Balances on a beam</li> <li>Walks up and down steps well, alternating feet</li> <li>Jumps with both feed</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

<ul> <li>Hop forward / backward</li> <li>Broad jumps</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

<ul> <li>Small buttons</li> <li>Holds drinking glass</li> <li>Draws person with 2-4 body parts</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

<ul> <li>Climb up ladder/slide down slide</li> <li>One foot for 10 seconds</li> <li>Hop on one foot</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-Beginning to learn to pump the swing -Running is controlled; can start, stop, and turn while remaining balanced -Walks on tiptoe -gallops and skips</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4-4 1/2</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4 1/2 - 5</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 years - 3 1/2</p> Signup and view all the answers