Chemotherapy and Nursing Interventions
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of chemotherapy?

  • Chemotherapy prevents metastasis but has no effect on existing cancer
  • Chemotherapy is designed to stimulate the immune system
  • Chemotherapy only reduces the size of the primary tumor
  • Chemotherapy kills rapidly dividing cancer cells (correct)

    • Patients receiving radiation therapy for head and neck cancer should use alcohol-based mouthwash to promote oral hygiene.

    False

    What intervention can help manage alopecia in chemotherapy patients?

    Educate the patient on wearing wigs or scarves to improve self-image.

    The best nursing intervention for a patient who reports nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy is to assess their ______.

    <p>hydration status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is the best nursing intervention for a patient experiencing fatigue from chemotherapy?

    <p>Encourage the patient to rest during the day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Encouraging increased fluid intake is an appropriate intervention for patients with tumor lysis syndrome.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a patient experiencing tumor lysis syndrome avoid?

    <p>Potassium-rich foods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the nursing interventions to their associated patient needs:

    <p>Increase fluid intake = Tumor lysis syndrome Monitor for oral mucositis = Radiation therapy Educate on scalp covers = Alopecia management Assess hydration status = Chemotherapy-induced nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cancer cells spread?

    <p>Cancer cells can spread through the blood, lymphatic system, or by direct invasion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A nurse should advise patients to avoid all forms of exercise for cancer prevention.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate nursing intervention for a patient who has developed anemia after cancer treatment?

    <p>Administer iron supplements as ordered and monitor hemoglobin levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nurse should encourage ____ periods throughout the day for a patient experiencing severe fatigue from chemotherapy.

    <p>rest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the nurse's priority action for a patient with lung cancer who is experiencing shortness of breath?

    <p>Administer prescribed bronchodilators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is recommended for patients with radiation skin irritation to wash the area with mild soap and water.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the nursing interventions with their intended purpose:

    <p>Encourage regular screenings = Prevention of cancer Administer iron supplements = Management of anemia Encourage rest = Manage fatigue from treatment Perform frequent hand hygiene = Reduce infection risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To reduce the risk of infection, the nurse must perform frequent hand ____ and ensure the patient does the same.

    <p>hygiene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of nursing care for a patient experiencing discomfort?

    <p>Pain management and supportive care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following patients is most likely to benefit from gene therapy research?

    <p>A patient with cystic fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Genetic counseling can prevent genetic disorders from occurring.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stage of pregnancy is most critical for organ formation in the fetus?

    <p>3 to 8 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best preventive measure to avoid Rh incompatibility?

    <p>Administering Rh antibodies after birth or miscarriage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The number of pairs of chromosomes in the human body is ______.

    <p>23 pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adolescent pregnancies carry a decreased risk of complications.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common risk for newborns born to adolescent mothers?

    <p>Being preterm or having low birth weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following conditions with their descriptions:

    <p>Cystic fibrosis = An autosomal recessive disorder Marfan syndrome = An autosomal dominant disorder Turner syndrome = An XO chromosomal pattern Down syndrome = A condition caused by an extra chromosome 21</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what point should a nurse educate a patient about avoiding teratogens?

    <p>3 to 8 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most common complication in adolescent pregnancies is an increased risk of __________.

    <p>pregnancy-induced hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can lead to developmental abnormalities in the fetus.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can significantly affect neurological and intellectual development during pregnancy?

    <p>Alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the complications to their specific effects:

    <p>Placenta previa = The placenta is implanted in the lower uterus Abruptio placentae = Painful uterine bleeding and abdominal pain Hemolysis of fetal red blood cells = Severe hemolysis and liver dysfunction Hypoglycemia after birth = Low blood sugar levels in newborns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of genetic testing during pregnancy?

    <p>To identify carriers of genetic conditions like cystic fibrosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trimester is emphasized as the most critical period for preventing teratogenic exposure?

    <p>1st trimester</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is commonly associated with increased blood volume during pregnancy?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The veins of the legs or pelvis are often affected in cases of pregnancy-related complications.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of a karyotype?

    <p>Diagnose chromosomal disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cystic fibrosis is an example of an autosomal dominant disorder.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of disorder is characterized by a chromosomal abnormality resulting in Down syndrome?

    <p>Chromosomal disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A female child with Turner syndrome exhibits __________ stature and infertility.

    <p>short</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for Down syndrome?

    <p>Maternal age over 35</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following disorders with their inheritance pattern:

    <p>Cystic fibrosis = Autosomal recessive Huntington's disease = Autosomal dominant Color blindness = X-linked recessive Marfan syndrome = Autosomal dominant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genetic condition is characterized by cognitive deficits and learning disabilities?

    <p>Fragile X syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gene therapy is aimed solely at correcting chromosomal disorders.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness inherited in an X-linked recessive manner is known as __________ muscular dystrophy.

    <p>Duchenne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test is used to confirm the diagnosis of Down syndrome before birth?

    <p>Amniocentesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What chromosomal pattern is associated with Turner syndrome?

    <p>XO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is classified as a congenital disorder?

    <p>Cleft palate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    TORCH infections pose risks to pregnant women because they can lead to developmental abnormalities in the fetus.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chemotherapy and Cancer Care

    • Chemotherapy primarily kills rapidly dividing cancer cells to treat malignancies.
    • Essential nursing interventions during radiation therapy for head and neck cancer include monitoring for oral mucositis.
    • Managing alopecia caused by chemotherapy involves educating patients on wearing wigs or scarves to enhance self-image.
    • Priority assessment for patients experiencing nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy is to assess hydration status and monitor electrolytes.
    • For fatigue related to chemotherapy, it's crucial to encourage rest periods throughout the day.
    • Tumor lysis syndrome management requires encouraging increased fluid intake.

    Cancer Spread and Prevention

    • Cancer cells can spread through blood, lymphatic systems, or direct invasion, not just through tissue contact.
    • Nurses should focus on encouraging regular screenings and self-examinations for cancer prevention.
    • Anemia management in cancer treatment involves administering iron supplements as ordered and monitoring hemoglobin levels.

    Genetic Disorders and Inheritance Patterns

    • A karyotype assists in diagnosing chromosomal disorders and can reveal the number of chromosomes, with humans typically having 23 pairs.
    • Single-gene disorders arise from mutations in a single set of alleles, whereas multifactorial disorders stem from a mix of genetic and environmental factors.
    • Autosomal recessive disorders include cystic fibrosis, while X-linked recessive disorders include color blindness.
    • Turner syndrome (XO) typically results in short stature and infertility, while Klinefelter syndrome (XXY) is characterized by infertility in males.
    • A maternal age of over 35 increases the risk for Down syndrome and other chromosomal anomalies.

    Teratogens and Pregnancy

    • The critical period for fetal organ formation, when teratogen avoidance is paramount, occurs between 3 to 8 weeks of gestation.
    • The first trimester is most critical for preventing teratogenic exposure.
    • Rh incompatibility can be prevented by administering Rh antibodies after birth or miscarriage, not insulin.
    • Adolescent pregnancies carry risks due to nutritional deficiencies and higher chances of premature birth or low birth weight, alongside an increased risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension.

    Diagnostic Tools and Genetic Counseling

    • Amniocentesis is the diagnostic test used to confirm Down syndrome before birth.
    • Genetic counseling helps families understand risks and inheritance patterns but does not prevent genetic disorders.
    • Gene therapy seeks to repair defective genes in individuals with genetic conditions.

    Common Complications in Pregnancy

    • Newborns of adolescent mothers are at higher risk for being preterm or having low birth weight.
    • Pregnancy-induced hypertension is a common complication in adolescent pregnancies, whereas anemia is not reduced in this demographic.
    • Managing pain and providing supportive care remain primary focuses for nursing care in patients undergoing cancer treatment.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on the purpose of chemotherapy and essential nursing interventions during radiation therapy. It assesses understanding of cancer treatment methods and nursing responsibilities in patient care. Perfect for nursing students or healthcare professionals looking to reinforce their knowledge.

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