Chemistry Chapter: Elements, Compounds, and Ions

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between an atom and an element?

An atom contains multiple types of particles, while an element contains only one.

An atom has a nucleus, while an element does not contain subatomic particles.

An atom is a pure substance, while an element is a mixture.

An atom is the smallest unit of matter, while an element is composed of one type of atom. (correct)

What does the term 'valence electron' refer to?

An electron in the outermost energy level of an atom. (correct)

A positively charged electron.

Any charged particle in an atom.

An electron found in an atom's nucleus.

What information can be derived from the periods (horizontal rows) on the periodic table?

The increasing atomic mass of the elements.

Elements with the same number of electron levels increasing atomic numbers. (correct)

The number of valence electrons in each element.

The chemical reactivity of elements.

How do isotopes of the same element differ from each other?

They have different numbers of neutrons. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the number represented by 'Z' in AZE notation?

The number of protons in the atom's nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

Where are electrons most likely to be found in an atomic model?

In a dense cloud surrounding the nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between an element and a pure substance?

A pure substance is a broader category that includes elements while elements cannot be broken down chemically into any simpler components or substances. Signup and view all the answers

Why could compounds have different properties from the elements they are formed from?

Because the way atoms combine to form compounds results in a new kind of substance with unique properties. Signup and view all the answers

How are elements best distinguished from compounds?

Elements consist of one type of atom; compounds are two or more elements combined. Signup and view all the answers

Why is distilled water considered a pure substance while salt water is classified as a mixture?

Distilled water has uniform composition; salt water has varied concentrations of dissolved salt. Signup and view all the answers

In an atomic model, which best describes the role of the nucleus?

It's a region containing protons and neutrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the electric charge associated with a neutron?

Neutral Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following atomic particle configurations represents a negatively charged ion?

17 protons, 18 electrons, 20 neutrons Signup and view all the answers

Why do elements within the same group on the periodic table exhibit similar properties?

They have the same number of valence electrons. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is the most reactive in Period 3?

Sodium (Na) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes isotopes of the same element?

The number of neutrons. Signup and view all the answers

A neutral atom of phosphorus has an atomic number (Z) of 15 and an atomic mass (A) of 31. How many neutrons does it contain?

16 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements from Group 14 has the most metallic properties?

Tin (Sn) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Element vs. Compound Properties

Elements consist of only one type of atom. Compounds are formed when two or more elements chemically combine.
Compounds have different properties from the elements they are formed from.

Pure Substances vs Mixtures

A pure substance, like water, has uniform properties throughout.
A mixture, like saltwater, has varying concentrations of substances.

Atomic Structure and Models

The atom's nucleus contains protons and neutrons, while electrons orbit in an electron cloud.
Modern atomic models describe probabilities of finding electrons in different regions.

Subatomic Particles

Protons have a positive charge.
Neutrons have no charge.
Electrons have a negative charge.

Ions

An ion is an atom that has lost or gained electrons.
A negatively charged ion has gained electrons (anion).
A positively charged ion has lost electrons (cation).

Periodic Table Trends

Elements in the same group (vertical column) have similar properties due to the same number of valence electrons.
Valence electrons determine reactivity.
Reactivity increases within a group from top to bottom.
Elements in the same period (horizontal row) show trends in properties as atomic number increases.

Isotopes

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. This changes the atomic mass.

AZE Notation

AZE notation shows atomic number (Z), mass number (A), and element symbol (E).

Periodic Table Applications

Metals generally are malleable and conductive.
Trends in the periodic table help predict properties of elements.

Identifying Elements and Compounds

Can identify elements from a list of substances.
Can identify compounds from a list of substances.

Practice Questions

Question 1: Correct answer is (a).
Question 2: Correct answer is (b).
Question 3: Correct answer is (b).
Question 4: Correct answer is (c).
Question 5: Correct answer is (b).
Question 6: Correct answer is (c).
Question 7: Correct answer is (a).
Question 8: Correct answer is (c).
Question 9: Calculates the number of neutrons is eight (14 – 6 = 8).
Question 10: Correct answer is (c).

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Description

This quiz covers essential concepts in chemistry, including the properties of elements and compounds, the differences between pure substances and mixtures, atomic structure, and the nature of ions. Test your understanding of how these principles interconnect and their implications in chemical reactions.