Chemistry Elements and Compounds Quiz

Element is the smallest substance of matter. It cannot be broken down into other elements in a chemical reaction.

There are 92 (up to Uranium). Everything afterwards is man-made.

Compounds are made up of 2 or more elements.

<p>Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the nucleus - proton (+) and neutron (0). Swimming around the nucleus in orbitals, electrons (-).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proton and Neutrons are $1.7 \times 10^{-24}$ kg. An electron is about 1/2000 of an amu.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identifying number of an element. It tells the number of protons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protons + Neutrons; will tell you what the mass is in a mole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isotopes are different atomic forms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons, therefore different masses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deuterium (1 neutron), Tritium (2 neutrons).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrons are attracted to the nucleus; the farther away from the nucleus, the more potential energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrons that absorb energy move to a shell away from the nucleus. When it loses energy, it falls back to a shell closer to the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distribution of electrons in the atom's valence shell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1s orbital, which holds 2 electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 - 1s and 3p orbitals. The s holds 2, the p holds 6, so 8 electrons overall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 - 1s, 3p, 5d. The s holds 2, the p holds 6, the d holds 10. Therefore there are 18 possible electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interactions that result in atoms staying close together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strong, sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms. Can be single, double, or triple.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the tendency to pull electrons to itself. Electronegativity depends on how many electrons are missing and the size of the atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Equal sharing. These are hydrophobic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One or more electronegative atoms are more electronegative than others, causing partially positive/negative poles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two atoms are so unequal that their attraction for the valence electron causes the most electronegative atom to strip the electron completely away.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cation (+), Anion (-).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ionic bonds form crystals called salts. They harden into three-dimensional lattices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen bonding is when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is also attracted to another electronegative atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concentration of reactants, presence of catalysts, temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the rate of the forward and reverse reactions are the same and the relative concentrations of products/reactants stop changing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weak chemical bond.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If the difference is 0.5 to 0.8.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When one is a metal and has extra electrons that it wants to lose, and another is a non-metal that wants to gain electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two molecules must be polar, the two molecules are already participating in covalent bonds with other molecules, they are transient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Although all forms of life require iron, other elements are required only by certain species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False. Elevated concentrations of trace elements such as chromium and phosphorus can be toxic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The answer cannot be determined from the information provided.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical reactions are all interactions between an atom's valence electrons. The extent of an atom's reactivity is based on the number of valence electrons it has.</p> Signup and view all the answers