Basic Chemistry Elements and Compounds

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Questions and Answers

What is the atomic number of an element indicative of?

The total mass of the atom

The total number of protons in the nucleus (correct)

The total number of electrons in an unstable atom

The total number of neutrons in the nucleus

Which of the following statements about ions is true?

Ions have different numbers of protons and electrons. (correct)

Ions cannot change charge.

Ions contain the same number of neutrons as the neutral atom.

Ions are more stable than neutral atoms.

How do you determine the number of neutrons in an atom?

By doubling the atomic number

By subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass (correct)

By adding the atomic mass and atomic number

By counting the number of protons

What type of bond is formed when atoms share electrons?

Covalent bond Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the number of protons in an atom changes?

The atom changes into a different element Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly identifies a characteristic of a molecule?

It is the smallest functional unit of a compound Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a decrease of one whole number on the pH scale?

It represents an increase in acidity by a factor of 10 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds contains ionic bonds?

NaCl Signup and view all the answers

What are isotopes primarily characterized by?

Same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the periodic table of elements?

It lists elements and their corresponding atomic symbols Signup and view all the answers

What defines a compound in chemistry?

Two or more elements chemically bound together. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about pH?

A barometer of acidity is provided by the pH scale. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the total atomic mass of an atom if its number of neutrons increases?

The atomic mass increases. Signup and view all the answers

In which type of bond does one atom transfer electrons to another?

Ionic bond Signup and view all the answers

If an atom has a charge, how is it classified?

As an ion Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes isotopes of an element?

Differences in the number of neutrons. Signup and view all the answers

How are protons described regarding charge and location?

Positive charge located in the nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

How does the pH scale indicate basicity?

A pH above 7 indicates alkaline solutions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the atomic number of an element?

The number of protons, and in a stable atom, also the number of electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What is a fundamental unit of a compound called?

A molecule Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Basic Chemistry

Elements are the simplest form of matter, indivisible
120 known elements, each with a unique symbol (e.g., Au for gold)
Elements are composed of atoms
Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons
- Protons are positively charged, located in the nucleus
- Neutrons have no charge, located in the nucleus
- Electrons are negatively charged, orbit the nucleus
Atomic number is the number of protons, also the number of electrons in a neutral atom
Atomic mass is the sum of protons and neutrons
To find number of neutrons, subtract atomic number from atomic mass
Changing the number of electrons creates an ion (charged atom)
Changing the number of protons creates a different element
Changing the number of neutrons creates an isotope (unstable and radioactive)
Compounds are formed when two or more elements combine
Compounds can be held together by ionic or covalent bonds
- Ionic bonds involve one atom donating an electron to another
- Covalent bonds involve atoms sharing electrons
A molecule is the smallest functional unit of a compound
pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
- Logarithmic scale (each whole number change represents a tenfold difference)
- pH 7 is neutral
- pH below 7 is acidic
- pH above 7 is basic (alkaline)

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Description

This quiz covers fundamental concepts of basic chemistry, focusing on elements, atoms, and the structure of matter. It explores atomic structure, bonding types, and the formation of compounds. Test your understanding of how elements combine and the characteristics of ions and isotopes.