Central Nervous System Histology
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Questions and Answers

Which part of the neuron contains the nucleus and organelles?

  • Myelin sheath
  • Cell body (correct)
  • Axon
  • Dentrites

    • What is the functional unit in both the CNS and PNS?

  • Glial cells
  • Neurons (correct)
  • Spinal cord
  • Myelin sheath

    • How many basic types of neuronal structure are mentioned in the text?

  • Two
  • Four
  • Five
  • Three (correct)

    • Which type of neuron has one axon and two or more dendrites?

    <p>Multipolar neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron has one dendrite and one axon?

    <p>Bipolar neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the neuron is specialized to receive stimuli from other neurons?

    <p>Dentrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of astrocytes in the nervous system?

    <p>Maintaining tight junctions and metabolic support for neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for producing myelin in the central nervous system?

    <p>Oligodendrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of ependymal cells in the nervous system?

    <p>Lining the ventricles and producing cerebrospinal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of microglia in the brain?

    <p>Phagocytosis and protection from infection and injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the central nervous system (CNS)?

    <p>Controlling the passage of substances into the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the meninges in the central nervous system?

    <p>Covering and protecting the brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of pseudounipolar neurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Conducting sensory information to the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells form a protective layer surrounding gray matter in the nervous system?

    <p>Astrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron comprises the sensory neurons of the retina, the olfactory epithelium, and the inner ear?

    <p>Bipolar neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ependymal cells in the nervous system?

    <p>Supporting and protecting neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the meninges in the central nervous system?

    <p>Forming a protective layer surrounding gray matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the central nervous system (CNS)?

    <p>Regulating the entry of substances into the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of microglia in the brain?

    <p>Serving as immune cells to protect the brain from pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of astrocytes in the nervous system?

    <p>Supporting and protecting neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells form a protective layer surrounding gray matter in the nervous system?

    <p>Astrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the neuron is specialized to receive stimuli from other neurons?

    <p><strong>Dentrites</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional unit in both the CNS and PNS?

    <p>Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of pseudounipolar neurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Receiving stimuli from other neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are responsible for producing myelin in the central nervous system?

    <p>Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system?

    <p>Producing myelin for axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the meninges in the central nervous system?

    <p>Protecting the brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of astrocytes in the nervous system?

    <p>Maintaining tight junctions and metabolic support for neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the central nervous system (CNS)?

    <p>Regulating the passage of substances into the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of microglia in the brain?

    <p>Phagocytosis of foreign particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for producing myelin in the central nervous system?

    <p>Oligodendrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ependymal cells in the nervous system?

    <p>Producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells form a protective layer surrounding gray matter in the nervous system?

    <p>Astrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of pseudounipolar neurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Receiving stimuli from other neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cerebral cortex in the central nervous system?

    <p>Processing and integrating sensory information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of capillaries in the central nervous system?

    <p>Transporting nutrients and oxygen to neural tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Pseudounipolar neurons are primarily sensory neurons near the Central Nervous System (CNS).

    • Brain and spinal cord are covered by three protective membranes called meninges.

    • The brain and spinal cord are made up of gray matter and white matter.

    • Gray matter (pia mater) is a thin layer with abundant nerve fibers, glia, and blood vessels.

    • White matter (dura mater and arachnoid layer) is a protective layer made of fibrous tissue and collagen.

    • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fills the brain ventricles and spinal cord, providing mechanical and immunological protection.

    • Lumbar puncture is a medical procedure to collect CSF for diagnostic testing.

    • Astrocytes are the largest neuroglial cells, helping neurons by maintaining tight junctions and metabolic support.

    • Oligodendrocytes produce myelin, and one cell myelinates many axons.

    • Microglia are phagocytic cells, protecting the brain from infection and injury.

    • Ependymal cells line the ventricles and produce CSF.

    • Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a functional barrier that tightly controls the passage of substances into the CNS.

    • Choroid plexus in the ventricles produces CSF and removes water from blood.

    • The cerebrum consists of white matter and gray matter, with the cortex being highly convoluted.

    • The cerebral cortex contains various neuronal and glial cells, including Betz's pyramidal cells, capillaries, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia.

    • The cerebellum's white matter forms a branched tree-like structure.

    • The Purkinje layer is an intermediate layer in the cerebellum with large Purkinje cells and tree-like dendritic arborizations.

    • Pseudounipolar neurons are primarily sensory neurons near the Central Nervous System (CNS).

    • Brain and spinal cord are covered by three protective membranes called meninges.

    • The brain and spinal cord are made up of gray matter and white matter.

    • Gray matter (pia mater) is a thin layer with abundant nerve fibers, glia, and blood vessels.

    • White matter (dura mater and arachnoid layer) is a protective layer made of fibrous tissue and collagen.

    • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fills the brain ventricles and spinal cord, providing mechanical and immunological protection.

    • Lumbar puncture is a medical procedure to collect CSF for diagnostic testing.

    • Astrocytes are the largest neuroglial cells, helping neurons by maintaining tight junctions and metabolic support.

    • Oligodendrocytes produce myelin, and one cell myelinates many axons.

    • Microglia are phagocytic cells, protecting the brain from infection and injury.

    • Ependymal cells line the ventricles and produce CSF.

    • Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a functional barrier that tightly controls the passage of substances into the CNS.

    • Choroid plexus in the ventricles produces CSF and removes water from blood.

    • The cerebrum consists of white matter and gray matter, with the cortex being highly convoluted.

    • The cerebral cortex contains various neuronal and glial cells, including Betz's pyramidal cells, capillaries, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia.

    • The cerebellum's white matter forms a branched tree-like structure.

    • The Purkinje layer is an intermediate layer in the cerebellum with large Purkinje cells and tree-like dendritic arborizations.

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