Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the major function of a neuron?
What is the major function of a neuron?
To generate and transmit nerve impulses
What is the function of microglia?
What is the function of microglia?
Phagocytosis of debris (dead cells, bacteria, etc.)
What do oligodendrocytes do?
What do oligodendrocytes do?
Form myelin around axons in CNS
What is the role of astrocytes?
What is the role of astrocytes?
What is the function of ependymal cells?
What is the function of ependymal cells?
Name the PNS neuroglial that forms myelin.
Name the PNS neuroglial that forms myelin.
Name the PNS neuroglial that surrounds dorsal root ganglion neurons.
Name the PNS neuroglial that surrounds dorsal root ganglion neurons.
What do the brain and spinal cord collectively refer to?
What do the brain and spinal cord collectively refer to?
What are specialized supporting cells in the CNS called?
What are specialized supporting cells in the CNS called?
What is the junction point of close contact between neurons?
What is the junction point of close contact between neurons?
What do you call a bundle of axons inside the CNS?
What do you call a bundle of axons inside the CNS?
What is a neuron serving as part of the conduction pathway between sensory and motor neurons called?
What is a neuron serving as part of the conduction pathway between sensory and motor neurons called?
What collectively refers to ganglia and spinal and cranial nerves?
What collectively refers to ganglia and spinal and cranial nerves?
What type of neuron conducts impulses away from the CNS?
What type of neuron conducts impulses away from the CNS?
What type of neuron conducts impulses toward the CNS from the body periphery?
What type of neuron conducts impulses toward the CNS from the body periphery?
What are the chemicals released by neurons that stimulate or inhibit other neurons called?
What are the chemicals released by neurons that stimulate or inhibit other neurons called?
What is the region of the cell body from which the axon originates?
What is the region of the cell body from which the axon originates?
What part of a neuron secretes neurotransmitters?
What part of a neuron secretes neurotransmitters?
What is the receptive region of a neuron?
What is the receptive region of a neuron?
What insulates the nerve fibers?
What insulates the nerve fibers?
What is the site of the nucleus and the most important metabolic area of a neuron?
What is the site of the nucleus and the most important metabolic area of a neuron?
What is involved in the transport of substances within the neuron?
What is involved in the transport of substances within the neuron?
What is referred to as essentially rough endoplasmic reticulum important metabolically?
What is referred to as essentially rough endoplasmic reticulum important metabolically?
What is referred to as the impulse generator and transmitter of a neuron?
What is referred to as the impulse generator and transmitter of a neuron?
What substance is found in synaptic vesicles of the axon terminal?
What substance is found in synaptic vesicles of the axon terminal?
What role do neurotransmitters play in neurotransmission?
What role do neurotransmitters play in neurotransmission?
What anatomical characteristic determines whether a neuron is classified as unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar?
What anatomical characteristic determines whether a neuron is classified as unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar?
Which neuron type is unipolar?
Which neuron type is unipolar?
Which neuron types are most likely multipolar?
Which neuron types are most likely multipolar?
Describe how Schwann cells form the myelin sheath.
Describe how Schwann cells form the myelin sheath.
What is a nerve?
What is a nerve?
Where is the endoneurium located?
Where is the endoneurium located?
Where is the perineurium located?
Where is the perineurium located?
Where is the epineurium located?
Where is the epineurium located?
What is the function of the connective tissue wrappings in a nerve?
What is the function of the connective tissue wrappings in a nerve?
Define a mixed nerve.
Define a mixed nerve.
Flashcards
Neurons
Neurons
Primary functional units of nervous tissue; generate and transmit nerve impulses.
Neuroglia
Neuroglia
Specialized supporting cells within the CNS crucial for brain function
Microglia
Microglia
Performs phagocytosis of debris, dead cells, and bacteria in the CNS.
Oligodendrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
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Astrocytes
Astrocytes
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Ependymal Cells
Ependymal Cells
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Schwann Cells
Schwann Cells
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Satellite Cells
Satellite Cells
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Central Nervous System (CNS)
Central Nervous System (CNS)
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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
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Afferent Neurons
Afferent Neurons
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Efferent Neurons
Efferent Neurons
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Interneurons
Interneurons
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Synaptic Cleft
Synaptic Cleft
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Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters
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Dendrites & Neuronal Cell Body
Dendrites & Neuronal Cell Body
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Axon Hillock
Axon Hillock
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Axon
Axon
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Axon Terminal
Axon Terminal
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Myelin Sheath
Myelin Sheath
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Formation of Myelin
Formation of Myelin
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Nerve Definition
Nerve Definition
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Endoneurium
Endoneurium
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Perineurium
Perineurium
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Epineurium
Epineurium
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Mixed Nerves
Mixed Nerves
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Importance of Connective Tissue
Importance of Connective Tissue
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Nerves in the PNS
Nerves in the PNS
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Function of Neuroglia
Function of Neuroglia
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Nodes of Ranvier
Nodes of Ranvier
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Study Notes
Nervous Tissue Overview
- Neurons are the primary functional units responsible for generating and transmitting nerve impulses.
Types of Neuroglial Cells in CNS
- Microglia: Perform phagocytosis of debris including dead cells and bacteria.
- Oligodendrocytes: Create myelin sheaths around axons in the central nervous system (CNS).
- Astrocytes: Support neurons, may provide nutrients, and regulate the chemical environment around neurons.
- Ependymal Cells: Line cavities of the brain and spinal cord, assist in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
- Neuroglia: Specialized supporting cells within the CNS crucial for overall brain function.
Types of Neuroglial Cells in PNS
- Schwann Cells: Form the myelin sheath around axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
- Satellite Cells: Surround and protect neuron cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglion.
Structural Components of the Nervous System
- Central Nervous System (CNS): Comprises the brain and spinal cord.
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Includes ganglia as well as spinal and cranial nerves.
Neuron Types and Functions
- Afferent Neurons: Conduct impulses toward the CNS from the body’s periphery.
- Efferent Neurons: Carry impulses away from the CNS to muscles and glands.
- Interneurons: Serve as connectors between sensory and motor neurons.
Synaptic Mechanisms
- Synaptic Cleft: The junction where close contact between neurons occurs.
- Neurotransmitters: Chemicals released by neurons to stimulate or inhibit target neurons or effectors, crucial for transmitting impulses across synapses.
Neuron Structure
- Dendrites & Neuronal Cell Body: Receptive regions of a neuron.
- Axon Hillock: Area from which the axon originates.
- Axon: Main impulse generator and transmitter for signals.
- Axon Terminal: Secretes neurotransmitters to communicate with other neurons.
Myelination
- Myelin Sheath: Insulates nerve fibers to improve signal transmission speed.
- Formation of Myelin: Schwann cells wrap around axons in a coil-like fashion, creating the myelin sheath.
Nerve Composition
- Nerve Definition: Bundles of axons wrapped in connective tissue, extending from the CNS to peripheral structures.
- Connective Tissue Layers:
- Endoneurium: Surrounds individual axons.
- Perineurium: Encases bundles of axons.
- Epineurium: Covers the entire nerve, providing protection and insulation.
Nerve Functionality
- Mixed Nerves: Contain both sensory and motor fibers, enabling bidirectional communication between CNS and body.
- Importance of Connective Tissue: Protects and insulates delicate nerve fibers, ensuring proper function and integrity of nerve signals.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the histology of nervous tissue, highlighting key cell types such as neurons, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. Learn their functions and significance in the nervous system through flashcard-style questions. Perfect for students studying neuroscience or histology!
