Central Dogma of Molecular Biology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is primarily responsible for the stability difference between DNA and RNA?

  • RNA contains a hydroxyl group at the 2' position of its ribose sugar. (correct)
  • RNA has a different type of phosphate backbone.
  • DNA has more nitrogenous bases than RNA.
  • DNA is composed of more nucleotides than RNA.

    • Which of the following base pairings occurs in RNA?

  • Adenine (A) pairs with Uracil (U). (correct)
  • Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C).
  • Cytosine (C) pairs with Thymine (T).
  • Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T).

    • What is the main function of RNA in protein synthesis?

  • Storing genetic information long-term.
  • Acting as a template for DNA replication.
  • Carrying instructions from DNA for protein production. (correct)
  • Initiating DNA transcription.

    • How does the order of nucleotides affect protein synthesis?

    <p>The order specifies the type of amino acids to be assembled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the degradation of RNA is true?

    <p>The hydroxyl group in RNA increases its likelihood of hydrolysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would happen if the order of nucleotides is not preserved during transcription?

    <p>The wrong protein may be produced due to incorrect amino acid sequence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these statements accurately describes the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

    <p>Information flows from DNA to RNA and then to protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nitrogenous base is not present in DNA?

    <p>Uracil (U)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

    <p>It posits a one-way flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do cells only express certain genes and not others?

    <p>Because cells selectively express genes based on their function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can genetic expression be measured in a cell?

    <p>Through the presence of mRNA in the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of DNA in the context of the Central Dogma?

    <p>To store the complete genetic information within an organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What analogy is used to explain the function of DNA and RNA?

    <p>DNA is a book of life and RNA is a usable copy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding somatic cells in the human body?

    <p>All somatic cells contain the same DNA despite different functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is RNA considered a more efficient medium for gene expression than DNA?

    <p>RNA provides a usable copy rather than the entire genetic blueprint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the naming of the Central Dogma instead of the Law of Molecular Biology?

    <p>Because it describes principles rather than absolute rules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of transcription in molecular biology?

    <p>To produce a single-stranded mRNA copy of a gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of hydrogen bonds contributes to the stability of the DNA double helix?

    <p>They can easily break and re-form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does semi-conservative replication function?

    <p>Each new DNA molecule contains one old and one new strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is mRNA necessary before protein synthesis?

    <p>mRNA serves as a buffer genetic information between DNA and proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between DNA, mRNA, and proteins in the central dogma of molecular biology?

    <p>DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated into proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do introns and exons play in the transcription process?

    <p>Introns provide regulatory elements, while exons form the protein-coding sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of having a single-stranded structure for mRNA during translation?

    <p>It enables binding with ribosomes for protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do evolution and cellular processes necessitate transcription of DNA into RNA?

    <p>It protects DNA from stress and potential damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

    • The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.
    • DNA is the main storage molecule of genetic information.
    • All somatic cells contain the same DNA which has all the information to make all cells but they only express those genes needed for their function.
    • DNA is a long sequence of nucleotides that contains the instructions for making all the proteins in the body.
    • RNA is a single-stranded molecule that is a copy of a specific gene sequence.
    • RNA is used to make proteins.
    • The nucleotides in DNA and RNA are adenine ([A]), guanine ([G]), cytosine ([C]), and thymine ([T]) or uracil ([U]) in RNA.
    • Adenine always pairs with thymine (or uracil in RNA), and cytosine always pairs with guanine.
    • The order of the nucleotides in a gene determines the order of amino acids in a protein.
    • DNA replication is semi-conservative meaning that each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.
    • In transcription, the double-stranded DNA molecule is copied into a single-stranded RNA molecule.
    • mRNA is a messenger RNA molecule that carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome where protein synthesis takes place.
    • Transcription is the process of copying a DNA sequence into an RNA sequence. Translation is the process of converting an RNA sequence into a protein sequence.
    • DNA is more stable than RNA because it lacks a hydroxyl group (-OH) in the ribose sugar.
    • RNA is more prone to degradation than DNA because the hydroxyl group in ribose can react with the phosphate group in the backbone, causing the RNA strand to break.
    • The Central Dogma outlines the basic process of genetic information use.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology, which explains the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein. This quiz covers the roles of DNA, RNA, and the processes involved in gene expression and protein synthesis.

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