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Questions and Answers
What kind of molecule is a precursor to mRNA in eukaryotes?
Which enzyme is responsible for RNA synthesis?
During transcription, what occurs to the introns in pre-mRNA?
What is the role of ribosomes in the process of translation?
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Which of the following statements is true about DNA ahead of synthesis in transcription and DNA replication?
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Which strand of DNA is the RNA molecule complementary to during RNA synthesis?
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What type of bonds are made by polymerases in transcription and DNA replication?
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In which direction does RNA synthesis proceed?
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Study Notes
The Central Dogma
- Genetic information stored in nucleotide sequences of genes is translated into amino acid sequences of proteins through messenger RNAs (mRNA)
- mRNA codons are translated into amino acid sequences by ribosomes
Transcription and Translation in Eukaryotes
- Primary transcript is pre-mRNA, a precursor to mRNA
- Pre-mRNA is modified at both ends, and introns are removed to produce mRNA
- mRNA is exported to the cytoplasm for translation by ribosomes after processing
RNA Synthesis
- Similar to DNA synthesis, but with ribonucleoside triphosphates as precursors
- Only 1 strand of DNA is used as a template
- RNA chains can be initiated de novo (no primer required)
- RNA molecule is complementary to the DNA template (antisense) strand and identical to the DNA non-template (sense) strand
- RNA synthesis is catalysed by RNA polymerases and proceeds in the 5'→3' direction
Transcription vs. DNA Replication
- RNA does not remain H-bonded to the DNA post-synthesis
- RNA molecules are selective copies of much shorter segments of the DNA
- Both employ polymerases to make phosphodiester linkages
- DNA ahead of synthesis is unwound
- Building blocks are very similar to each other
- RNA polymerase does not need a primer
The "Transcription Bubble"
- Example of transcription bubble: (5') CGCTATAGCGTTT (3') DNA nontemplate (coding) strand, (3') GCGATATCGCAAA (5') DNA template strand, and (5') CGCUAUAGCGUUU (3') RNA transcript
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Description
This quiz covers the central dogma of molecular biology, including transcription and translation in eukaryotes, and the role of mRNA and ribosomes in protein synthesis.
