Y1S2 007 II Biochem: Central Dogma and Gene Expression

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What is the starting point of DNA replication?

Elongation process

Origin of replication (correct)

The binding of RNA primase

Replication fork

Which enzyme attracts RNA nucleotides to bind to the DNA nucleotides of the 3'-5' strand?

RNA Primase (correct)

Helicase

DNA Pol I

DNA Polymerase

What is the main function of DNA Ligase in DNA replication?

Adds complementary nucleotides to the DNA strand

Unwinds the DNA double helix

Attaches RNA primers to the replicating strands

Adds phosphate to the phosphate-sugar backbone (correct)

What is the direction in which DNA Polymerase reads the template to produce a matching strand?

3'-5' Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of telomeres in DNA replication?

To protect the ends of the DNA from degradation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of RNA Primase in DNA replication?

To attach RNA primers to the replicating strands Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the leading strand?

It is produced continuously Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of RNA primers in DNA replication?

To provide a starting point for DNA synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the termination stage of DNA replication?

The formation of a complete double-stranded DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of DNA Pol I (exonuclease) in DNA replication?

To remove RNA primers Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Helicase in DNA replication?

To unwind the DNA double helix Signup and view all the answers

Where is DNA situated in a cell?

In the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of creating a copy of DNA before a cell divides?

Replication Signup and view all the answers

What is the flow of genetic information in molecular biology?

DNA → RNA → Protein Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of DNA replication?

Two double-stranded DNA molecules, each containing one old and one new single strand Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of DNA in a cell?

It is the physical carrier of inheritance Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of creating a protein from RNA?

Translation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the poly(A)-tail attachment during mRNA processing?

To increase the stability of the mRNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the three-letter words read from the mRNA template during translation?

Codons Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm for protein synthesis?

mRNA transport through the nuclear pore complex Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of capping during mRNA processing?

To add a special nucleotide to the 5' end of the mRNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the complex through which the mRNA is transported out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm?

Nuclear pore complex Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which non-coding sequences are removed from the pre-mRNA during mRNA processing?

Splicing Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the nucleotide DNA triplets ATT, ATC, and ACT?

To signal the end of a polypeptide chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of amino acids coded by the DNA sentence AACGTATCGCAT?

leucine-histidine-serine-valine Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of decoding the message CTA TTA CGA ACT TAG AGC ATT GAA TAG AAA CTT ATC?

A sequence of amino acids Signup and view all the answers

How is the DNA organized?

Into chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the dictionary of tRNA codons and their amino acids?

To look up the amino acids carried by each tRNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of steps involved in decoding a DNA message?

mRNA, tRNA, amino acids, symbols Signup and view all the answers