Cellular Respiration and Glycolysis
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of Acetyl CoA in cellular respiration?

  • To power the Krebs cycle (correct)
  • To produce ATP from ADP
  • To initiate the reaction of glycolysis
  • To transport electrons to the electron transport chain

    • Which of the following correctly describes the process of chemiosmosis?

  • The transport of ATP across the mitochondrial membrane
  • The conversion of glucose into pyruvic acid
  • The pumping of H+ ions into the mitochondrial matrix
  • The movement of H+ ions through ATP synthase to generate ATP (correct)

    • What happens to oxygen in the electron transport chain?

  • It acts as a pump for hydrogen ions
  • It increases the temperature of the mitochondria
  • It accepts electrons and is reduced to water (correct)
  • It is converted into carbon dioxide

    • If oxygen is lacking, which process is most impacted in cellular respiration?

    <p>NADH will accumulate and cannot be oxidized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which outputs are produced from the Krebs cycle?

    <p>2 NADH, 1 ATP, and 2 FADH2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?

    <p>To create ATP from glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following occurs during glycolysis?

    <p>Production of ATP without oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the Krebs cycle take place?

    <p>In the mitochondrial matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced as a byproduct of alcoholic fermentation?

    <p>Carbon dioxide and ethanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of glycolysis in all organisms suggest?

    <p>It is a fundamental and ancient metabolic pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many net ATP molecules are produced from glycolysis?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT an output of glycolysis?

    <p>Acetyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of pyruvic acid in the presence of oxygen?

    <p>Sent to the Krebs cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cellular Respiration

    • The process of using glucose to make ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
    • Occurs in both autotrophs and heterotrophs
    • Takes place in the cytoplasm and mitochondria
    • Overall equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2
    • Glucose can be used for other purposes, such as creating cellulose and glycogen

    Glycolysis

    • Anaerobic process that occurs in the cytoplasm
    • Inputs: Glucose, 2 ATP
    • Outputs: 2 pyruvate, 4 ATP (2 net ATP), 2 NADH
    • There are two possible pathways following glycolysis:
      • Aerobic Respiration: Occurs with oxygen, leading to Krebs Cycle and ETC
      • Anaerobic Respiration: Occurs without oxygen, leading to either alcoholic or lactic acid fermentation

    Alcoholic Fermentation

    • Occurs in yeast and plants
    • Produces ethanol and CO2

    Lactic Acid Fermentation

    • Occurs in animals and some bacteria
    • Produces lactic acid

    Reflection Questions

    • How does the fact that glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm without oxygen provide clues about the early environment of Earth?
      • Glycolysis is an ancient process, suggesting that early Earth likely had a low oxygen environment.
    • All organisms perform glycolysis. What does that say about the evolutionary timing of glycolysis compared to Krebs Cycle and ETC?
      • Glycolysis is a universal process, indicating its evolution before the development of more complex processes like Krebs Cycle and ETC.

    Aerobic Respiration

    • Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
      • Happens in the mitochondrial matrix
      • Converts pyruvate into Acetyl CoA, which powers the Krebs Cycle
      • Inputs: Pyruvate
      • Outputs: 11 NADH, 2 ATP, 2 FADH2, CO2
    • Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
      • Happens in the inner membrane of the mitochondria
      • NADH and FADH2 drop off their electrons at H+ pumps (cytochrome complex), becoming oxidized to NAD+ and FAD+
      • Electrons pass through complexes, pumping H+ into the intermembrane space (chemiosmosis).
      • Oxygen accepts the electrons to create H2O (oxygen gets reduced to H2O), and water leaves the cell.
      • The H+ gradient forces H+ through ATP synthase, powering ATP synthase to phosphorylate ADP into ATP.
      • Inputs: O2, NADH, FADH2
      • Outputs: H2O, 32 ATP

    Reflection Questions

    • How would the lack of oxygen affect the ETC and Krebs Cycle?
      • Without oxygen, the ETC would stop, as oxygen is the final electron acceptor. This would also halt the Krebs Cycle, as it relies on NAD+ and FAD+ regeneration, which occurs in the ETC.
    • How does the Krebs Cycle serve as a link between glycolysis and the ETC?
      • The Krebs Cycle produces NADH and FADH2, which are then used as electron carriers in the ETC.

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    Cellular Respiration Notes PDF

    Description

    Explore the process of cellular respiration, including glycolysis, alcoholic, and lactic acid fermentation. Discover how glucose is converted into ATP and the key differences between aerobic and anaerobic pathways. This quiz covers essential concepts in cellular metabolism.

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