Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Quiz

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What is a primary product of alcoholic fermentation?

Pyruvate

Acetaldehyde

Ethanol (correct)

Lactic acid

Which of the following best describes the process of glycolysis?

A reversible pathway leading to aerobic respiration

An anaerobic pathway involving substrate-level phosphorylation (correct)

A pathway requiring oxygen that primarily produces ATP

A cycle that completely oxidizes glucose to carbon dioxide

What does lactic acid fermentation convert pyruvate into?

Lactate (correct)

Acetaldehyde

Ethanol

Acetyl-CoA

Which of the following statements about NAD+ is true during fermentation?

It is regenerated from NADH during fermentation processes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding anaerobic respiration is correct?

It can occur through glycolysis followed by either lactic acid or alcoholic fermentation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of pyruvate oxidation in cellular respiration?

To prepare pyruvate for the Krebs cycle. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about glycolysis is correct?

Glycolysis results in the production of pyruvate. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a result of the reaction during pyruvate oxidation?

Production of NADH. Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the cell does the Krebs cycle take place?

Mitochondrial matrix. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of CoA in the pyruvate oxidation reaction?

It helps to transfer the acetyl group to the Krebs cycle. Signup and view all the answers

How many H⁺ ions are moved to synthesize one molecule of ATP?

1 H⁺ ion Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ubiquinone in the electron transport chain?

Join with electrons transferred from NADH Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes is NOT part of oxidative phosphorylation?

Synthesis of glucose from pyruvates Signup and view all the answers

Given the total ATP yield from a single glucose molecule, which is the potential maximum produced through FADH₂?

4 ATP Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP molecules can possibly result from NADH generated in the Krebs Cycle?

18 ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of FMN in NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I)?

It is reduced by NADH and oxidized by Fe2+. Signup and view all the answers

Which component does cytochrome b-c1 complex (Complex III) transfer electrons to?

Cytochrome c. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to electrons after they are received by cytochrome a from cytochrome c?

They are passed to cytochrome a3 to combine with oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of each electron transfer reaction in the cytochrome oxidase complex?

It releases energy to pump protons into the intermembrane space. Signup and view all the answers

Why is oxygen considered the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

It has a high electronegativity, making it capable of accepting electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

It generates ATP by utilizing NADH and FADH₂. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the components found in the electron transport chain?

A combination of protein complexes and electron carriers. Signup and view all the answers

How does the electron transport chain utilize redox reactions?

By facilitating the passage of electrons through protein complexes. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the structural organization of the electron transport chain?

It consists of four transmembrane structures and a pair of electron carriers. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the energy production in the electron transport chain is incorrect?

The electron transport chain directly produces glucose. Signup and view all the answers

What is the product formed when Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate reacts with NAD+ during glycolysis?

1,3-biphosphoglycerate Signup and view all the answers

Which compound is generated during the conversion of succinyl-CoA to succinate in the Krebs cycle?

GTP Signup and view all the answers

What is the final product of glycolysis before entering the Krebs cycle?

Pyruvate Signup and view all the answers

In which step of the Krebs cycle is CO2 produced?

Conversion of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate Signup and view all the answers

What kind of molecule is NAD+ considered in cellular respiration?

Coenzyme Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of deamination in protein digestion?

To remove amino groups and create ammonia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes a product of carbohydrate breakdown?

Sucrose is converted to glucose and fructose Signup and view all the answers

Where do components of the electron transport chain primarily function within a cell?

Inner mitochondrial membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following amino acids enters the metabolic pathway as acetyl-CoA?

Leucine Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of protons ($H^+$ ions) in the electron transport chain?

To contribute to the generation of ATP through a proton gradient Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of β-oxidation in terms of the metabolic pathway?

Production of acetyl-CoA from fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the fate of amino acids during protein catabolism?

They undergo deamination to form ammonia Signup and view all the answers

In the absence of oxygen, what is the role of NADH during glycolysis?

It transfers hydrogen atoms to pyruvate to regenerate NAD⁺ Signup and view all the answers

What is produced during lactic acid fermentation?

Lactic acid from pyruvate with no release of CO₂ Signup and view all the answers

How are 2-carbon acetyl groups generated during β-oxidation utilized?

They enter the Krebs cycle as acetyl-CoA Signup and view all the answers

What describes the primary difference between lactase fermentation and ethanol fermentation?

Lactase fermentation occurs in animal cells, while ethanol fermentation occurs in yeast cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the lactate threshold (LT)?

It refers to the absolute intensity of exercise beyond which lactate begins to accumulate in the blood. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

It absorbs light energy to drive the photosynthetic process. Signup and view all the answers

How do prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes regarding photosynthesis?

Some prokaryotes can photosynthesize, but typically lack specific organelles for this function. Signup and view all the answers

In the simplified equation for photosynthesis, what are the primary reactants?

Carbon dioxide and water. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cuticle in leaves?

To prevent water loss and provide protection. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of the palisade cells contributes most to their role in photosynthesis?

They are tightly packed and contain numerous chloroplasts. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of guard cells in leaf function?

They regulate the opening and closing of stomata. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes spongy cells from palisade cells in a leaf?

Spongy cells have air spaces between them for gas exchange. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of vascular bundles in leaves?

To transport water, nutrients, and carbohydrates throughout the plant. Signup and view all the answers