Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary product of alcoholic fermentation?

  • Pyruvate
  • Acetaldehyde
  • Ethanol (correct)
  • Lactic acid

    • Which of the following best describes the process of glycolysis?

  • A reversible pathway leading to aerobic respiration
  • An anaerobic pathway involving substrate-level phosphorylation (correct)
  • A pathway requiring oxygen that primarily produces ATP
  • A cycle that completely oxidizes glucose to carbon dioxide

    • What does lactic acid fermentation convert pyruvate into?

  • Lactate (correct)
  • Acetaldehyde
  • Ethanol
  • Acetyl-CoA

    • Which of the following statements about NAD+ is true during fermentation?

    <p>It is regenerated from NADH during fermentation processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding anaerobic respiration is correct?

    <p>It can occur through glycolysis followed by either lactic acid or alcoholic fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of pyruvate oxidation in cellular respiration?

    <p>To prepare pyruvate for the Krebs cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about glycolysis is correct?

    <p>Glycolysis results in the production of pyruvate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a result of the reaction during pyruvate oxidation?

    <p>Production of NADH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the cell does the Krebs cycle take place?

    <p>Mitochondrial matrix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of CoA in the pyruvate oxidation reaction?

    <p>It helps to transfer the acetyl group to the Krebs cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many H⁺ ions are moved to synthesize one molecule of ATP?

    <p>1 H⁺ ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ubiquinone in the electron transport chain?

    <p>Join with electrons transferred from NADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is NOT part of oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>Synthesis of glucose from pyruvates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Given the total ATP yield from a single glucose molecule, which is the potential maximum produced through FADH₂?

    <p>4 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATP molecules can possibly result from NADH generated in the Krebs Cycle?

    <p>18 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of FMN in NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I)?

    <p>It is reduced by NADH and oxidized by Fe2+.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component does cytochrome b-c1 complex (Complex III) transfer electrons to?

    <p>Cytochrome c.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to electrons after they are received by cytochrome a from cytochrome c?

    <p>They are passed to cytochrome a3 to combine with oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of each electron transfer reaction in the cytochrome oxidase complex?

    <p>It releases energy to pump protons into the intermembrane space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is oxygen considered the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

    <p>It has a high electronegativity, making it capable of accepting electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

    <p>It generates ATP by utilizing NADH and FADH₂.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the components found in the electron transport chain?

    <p>A combination of protein complexes and electron carriers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the electron transport chain utilize redox reactions?

    <p>By facilitating the passage of electrons through protein complexes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the structural organization of the electron transport chain?

    <p>It consists of four transmembrane structures and a pair of electron carriers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the energy production in the electron transport chain is incorrect?

    <p>The electron transport chain directly produces glucose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product formed when Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate reacts with NAD+ during glycolysis?

    <p>1,3-biphosphoglycerate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is generated during the conversion of succinyl-CoA to succinate in the Krebs cycle?

    <p>GTP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final product of glycolysis before entering the Krebs cycle?

    <p>Pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which step of the Krebs cycle is CO2 produced?

    <p>Conversion of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of molecule is NAD+ considered in cellular respiration?

    <p>Coenzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of deamination in protein digestion?

    <p>To remove amino groups and create ammonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes a product of carbohydrate breakdown?

    <p>Sucrose is converted to glucose and fructose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do components of the electron transport chain primarily function within a cell?

    <p>Inner mitochondrial membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following amino acids enters the metabolic pathway as acetyl-CoA?

    <p>Leucine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of protons ($H^+$ ions) in the electron transport chain?

    <p>To contribute to the generation of ATP through a proton gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of β-oxidation in terms of the metabolic pathway?

    <p>Production of acetyl-CoA from fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the fate of amino acids during protein catabolism?

    <p>They undergo deamination to form ammonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the absence of oxygen, what is the role of NADH during glycolysis?

    <p>It transfers hydrogen atoms to pyruvate to regenerate NAD⁺</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced during lactic acid fermentation?

    <p>Lactic acid from pyruvate with no release of CO₂</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are 2-carbon acetyl groups generated during β-oxidation utilized?

    <p>They enter the Krebs cycle as acetyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the primary difference between lactase fermentation and ethanol fermentation?

    <p>Lactase fermentation occurs in animal cells, while ethanol fermentation occurs in yeast cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the lactate threshold (LT)?

    <p>It refers to the absolute intensity of exercise beyond which lactate begins to accumulate in the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

    <p>It absorbs light energy to drive the photosynthetic process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes regarding photosynthesis?

    <p>Some prokaryotes can photosynthesize, but typically lack specific organelles for this function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the simplified equation for photosynthesis, what are the primary reactants?

    <p>Carbon dioxide and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cuticle in leaves?

    <p>To prevent water loss and provide protection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of the palisade cells contributes most to their role in photosynthesis?

    <p>They are tightly packed and contain numerous chloroplasts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of guard cells in leaf function?

    <p>They regulate the opening and closing of stomata.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes spongy cells from palisade cells in a leaf?

    <p>Spongy cells have air spaces between them for gas exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of vascular bundles in leaves?

    <p>To transport water, nutrients, and carbohydrates throughout the plant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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