Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Overview

Questions and Answers

What product of fermentation is a gas at room temperature?

carbon dioxide

What are all the biological processes that are being carried out by a yeast cell that is fermenting sugars to make bread rise?

alcoholic fermentation, glycolysis, lactic acid fermentation

Why is it that alcoholic beverages have intoxicating effects, whereas eating bread does not?

Ethanol evaporates out of the bread as it bakes

What is glycolysis?

The first stage of cellular respiration that does not require oxygen and takes place in the cytosol of the cytoplasm. Signup and view all the answers

Describe what happens during glycolysis. How many ATP and NADH molecules are gained during this stage?

Glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvate, resulting in a net gain of two ATP molecules. Signup and view all the answers

Defend this statement: 'Glycolysis is a universal and ancient pathway for making ATP.'

This pathway occurs in the cytoplasm without the help of any organelles, and two turns are needed because glycolysis produces two pyruvic acid molecules when it splits glucose. Signup and view all the answers

Which is the correct formula for cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6O2 > 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP energy Signup and view all the answers

Which is the correct formula for photosynthesis?

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy > C6H12O6 + 6O2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the major difference between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

The type of energy generated and used Signup and view all the answers

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related to each other?

They are reversed; they are reciprocated formulas. Signup and view all the answers

How could an organism live on Earth without using energy that came from the sun at some point?

While organisms can do chemosynthesis, the sun is the ultimate source of energy. Signup and view all the answers

What is the last stage in cellular respiration?

Electron transport chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration?

To produce reduced cofactors for use in the electron transport chain. Signup and view all the answers

What is the major ATP generating process in cellular respiration?

The electron transport chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of glycolysis in cellular respiration?

To produce pyruvate and a small amount of ATP from glucose. Signup and view all the answers

When we think of respiration, we usually think of inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide. Assuming that all of the CO2 we exhale is waste from cellular respiration, how does the carbon atom in CO2 enter the body?

In a molecule of glucose Signup and view all the answers

What molecule does the oxygen you inhale become a part of during cellular respiration?

Water Signup and view all the answers

Based on the last two questions, which of these statements is most accurate?

We exhale the sugar we eat and sweat out the oxygen we breathe Signup and view all the answers

The various processes of cellular respiration take place in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. What compartments do glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain occur in?

Cytoplasm, mitochondrial matrix, inner mitochondrial membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of aerobic respiration? Of anaerobic respiration?

Anaerobic respiration is fast; aerobic respiration produces ATP slowly. Signup and view all the answers

Name two universal energy-carrying molecules, and explain why most organisms need both carriers rather than just one.

Glucose and ATP; most organisms need both carriers because ATP is a smaller quantity for work. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fermentation and its Products

Carbon dioxide is a gas produced during fermentation.
Yeast cells ferment sugars through alcoholic fermentation, glycolysis, and lactic acid fermentation.

Alcoholic Fermentation

Final products include ethanol and carbon dioxide.
Ethanol is found in alcoholic beverages and evaporates during baking, hence bread does not have intoxicating effects.

Glycolysis Overview

Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration, occurring in the cytosol, and does not require oxygen.
Splitting glucose yields two pyruvate molecules and results in a net gain of two ATP molecules.

Glycolysis Significance

Known as a universal and ancient ATP-making pathway, it functions without organelles.
Produces two pyruvic acid molecules for every glucose molecule processed.

Cellular Respiration Formulas

Cellular respiration is represented by the equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 > 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP energy.
Photosynthesis is described by: 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy > C6H12O6 + 6O2.

Relationship between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

The two processes are reciprocal in nature; photosynthesis stores energy while cellular respiration releases it.

Life Without Solar Energy

Organisms can survive using chemosynthesis but ultimately depend on the sun’s energy for raw materials.

Cellular Respiration Stages

The last stage of cellular respiration is the electron transport chain.
The Krebs cycle produces reduced cofactors for the electron transport chain, essential for ATP generation.
Glycolysis functions to produce pyruvate and a small quantity of ATP from glucose.

Carbon Dioxide and Water in Respiration

Carbon atoms in CO2 enter the body through glucose.
The oxygen inhaled becomes part of water during cellular respiration.

Miscellaneous Facts

All cellular respiration processes occur in specific compartments: glycolysis in the cytoplasm, Krebs cycle in the mitochondrial matrix, and electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Aerobic respiration is advantageous for producing ATP slowly over time, while anaerobic respiration is quicker, benefiting short bursts of activity.

Energy-Carrying Molecules

Universal energy carriers include glucose and ATP; ATP is utilized within cells for immediate energy, while glucose serves as a primary energy source.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts of fermentation, glycolysis, and cellular respiration. Learn about the processes through which cells generate energy, the products formed, and the significance of these biochemical pathways. Test your understanding of how glucose is metabolized and the role of yeast in fermentation.