42 Questions
What is the primary purpose of anabolic pathways?
To synthesize complex molecules for cell maintenance, growth, and reproduction
What is the result of the transfer of electrons to O2 during the oxidation of macronutrients?
Energy is released as ATP
What is the effect of physical activity on metabolic rate?
It increases metabolic rate by 40-50%
What is the purpose of storing glycogen and triacylglycerides?
To store energy in between meals
What is the result of the oxidation of macronutrients?
CO2 and H2O are produced
What is the crossroads of catabolic and anabolic pathways?
Krebs Cycle/Tricarboxylic Cycle
What is the role of ATP in the cell?
To provide energy for biosynthetic reactions, muscle contraction, and active transport
Why is it not necessary to eat constantly?
Because there is a rest period that allows for energy storage in certain organs
What is the major fuel for oxidation in most tissues during the fed state?
Glucose
What is the result of decreased insulin secretion during fasting?
Decreased glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue
What is the ratio of CO2 produced to O2 consumed during the fed state?
Near 1
What happens to glucose transporters in muscle and adipose tissue during fasting?
They are internalized
What is the hormone that controls glucose uptake in muscle cells and adipose tissues during the fed state?
Insulin
What is the result of increased insulin secretion during the fed state?
Increased glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue
What is the purpose of glucose conservation during fasting?
To conserve glucose for essential tissues
What does a respiratory quotient (RQ) of less than 0.85 indicate?
Underfeeding
What is the primary source of metabolic fuel for certain tissues during prolonged fasting?
Ketone bodies
What happens to muscle glycogen during fasting?
It cannot contribute directly to plasma glucose
What is the effect of increased glucagon secretion on glycogen synthesis in the liver?
It inhibits glycogen synthesis
What happens to liver glycogen during prolonged fasting?
It drops and becomes depleted after 12 hours
What is the fate of amino acids during 7-day starvation?
They are used as the body's metabolic fuel
What happens to plasma glucose levels during prolonged fasting?
They decrease slightly
What is the effect of prolonged fasting on muscle protein degradation?
It decreases
What is the primary hormone responsible for the fasting state?
Glucagon
Why is triacylglycerol a preferred energy storage form?
Fatty acids in TAGS are more reduced.
What is an anabolic pathway?
Fatty acid synthesis
Which of the following is not a storage site for glycogen?
Adipose tissue
What is the end product of glycolysis in tissues using anaerobic metabolism?
Lactate
What is the preferred metabolic fuel of neurons in the fed state?
Glucose
What is the preferred metabolic fuel of neurons in the fasting state?
Acetoacetate
Which hormone is predominant in the fed state?
Insulin
Which amino acid can be used for gluconeogenesis?
Isoleucine
What is the reason why fatty acids release more energy during oxidation?
Because they have more hydrogens to lose during oxidation
Which type of cells are fatty acids stored in?
Adipocytes or fat cells
What is the result of low oxygen levels on pyruvate?
It is converted to lactate
What is the preferred metabolic fuel of neurons?
Glucose
What is the main source of fuel for the brain during starvation?
Ketone bodies
What is the result of the oxidation of fatty acids?
They release energy
What is the purpose of fatty acid synthesis?
To synthesize fatty acids for energy storage
What is the effect of high glucose levels on adipose tissue?
It increases the storage of fatty acids
What happens to pyruvate when oxygen levels are high?
It is converted to Acetyl-CoA
What is the role of adipocytes in the body?
To store fatty acids
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
