Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?
Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?
What is the primary component of bacterial cell walls?
What is the primary component of bacterial cell walls?
Which structure in animal cells is responsible for controlling the entry and exit of substances?
Which structure in animal cells is responsible for controlling the entry and exit of substances?
What function does the nucleus perform in both animal and plant cells?
What function does the nucleus perform in both animal and plant cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Animal cells are generally different from plant cells in that they lack which of the following structures?
Animal cells are generally different from plant cells in that they lack which of the following structures?
Signup and view all the answers
How do vacuoles function in plant cells?
How do vacuoles function in plant cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a defining characteristic of the DNA in bacterial cells?
What is a defining characteristic of the DNA in bacterial cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes the shape of plant cells compared to animal cells?
Which of the following best describes the shape of plant cells compared to animal cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main purpose of mitochondria in sperm cells?
What is the main purpose of mitochondria in sperm cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which adaptation allows nerve cells to transmit electrical impulses rapidly?
Which adaptation allows nerve cells to transmit electrical impulses rapidly?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure helps palisade mesophyll cells to efficiently absorb light?
Which structure helps palisade mesophyll cells to efficiently absorb light?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key characteristic of red blood cells that enhances oxygen transport?
What is a key characteristic of red blood cells that enhances oxygen transport?
Signup and view all the answers
Bacterial cells lack which of the following structures?
Bacterial cells lack which of the following structures?
Signup and view all the answers
Which specialized cells are primarily responsible for mucus transport in the trachea?
Which specialized cells are primarily responsible for mucus transport in the trachea?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of egg cells in reproduction?
What is the main function of egg cells in reproduction?
Signup and view all the answers
How do root hair cells facilitate the uptake of water and minerals?
How do root hair cells facilitate the uptake of water and minerals?
Signup and view all the answers
What purpose do the nutrients in the cytoplasm of egg cells serve?
What purpose do the nutrients in the cytoplasm of egg cells serve?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the haploid nature of egg cells significant for?
What is the haploid nature of egg cells significant for?
Signup and view all the answers
In the hierarchy of biological organization, which level is directly made up of a group of similar cells?
In the hierarchy of biological organization, which level is directly made up of a group of similar cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which formula should be used to calculate the actual size of a specimen under a microscope?
Which formula should be used to calculate the actual size of a specimen under a microscope?
Signup and view all the answers
If the image size of a cell is measured at 54mm and it is magnified by a factor of x 500, what is the actual width in mm?
If the image size of a cell is measured at 54mm and it is magnified by a factor of x 500, what is the actual width in mm?
Signup and view all the answers
Converting 0.108 mm to micrometres would yield what measurement?
Converting 0.108 mm to micrometres would yield what measurement?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens to the egg cell membrane after fertilization?
What happens to the egg cell membrane after fertilization?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the structure of nerve cells primarily support?
What does the structure of nerve cells primarily support?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Cell Structure
- Animal cells and plant cells share common structures: nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, and a cell membrane.
- Plant cells are distinguished by additional structures: cell wall, vacuole, and chloroplasts.
- Plant cells are larger and typically have more regular shapes than animal cells.
Cell Structure Functions
- Cytoplasm: A jelly-like substance where cellular reactions occur, containing ribosomes and vesicles.
- Cell membrane: Controls the entry and exit of substances.
- Nucleus: Contains DNA for protein synthesis; DNA replication also occurs here.
- Ribosomes: Sites of protein synthesis.
- Mitochondria: Sites of respiration, providing energy for the cell.
- Vacuole (plants): Stores mineral salts, sugars, amino acids, waste, and pigments; it contributes to cell shape and attracts pollinating insects.
- Chloroplasts (plants): Sites of photosynthesis, converting light energy to glucose.
- Cell wall (plants): Provides structure and prevents bursting; made of cellulose.
Bacterial Cells
- Bacterial cells have a cell wall (peptidoglycan), cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes.
- Bacterial DNA is in the form of a circular loop contained within the cytoplasm.
- Plasmids are small rings of DNA found in bacterial cells.
Specialized Cells
- Ciliated cells: Line the trachea; have hair-like cilia to move mucus, dust, and bacteria upwards.
- Root hair cells: Adapted for a large surface area, increasing the rate of osmosis and mineral ion uptake in plants.
- Palisade mesophyll cells: Tall and packed with chloroplasts for efficient light absorption during photosynthesis.
- Neurons: Rapidly transmit electrical impulses; myelinated to prevent impulse weakening; contain many mitochondria and dendrites for receiving impulses.
- Red blood cells: Contain hemoglobin for oxygen transport; biconcave shape and thin membrane for efficient diffusion; no nucleus.
- Sperm cells: Male gametes; contain mitochondria for energy; a tail for movement; and enzymes to penetrate the egg cell.
- Egg cells: Female gametes; contain nutrients for early embryo development, preventing further sperm penetration after fertilization, and the correct number of chromosomes for successful development.
Levels of Organization
- Cell: Basic building block of an organism
- Tissue: Group of similar cells for a specific process.
- Organ: Group of tissues for a specific function.
- Organ System: Group of organs working together to perform a body function.
Size of Specimens
- Actual Size: The true size of a specimen.
- Image Size: The size of the specimen as viewed through a microscope.
- Magnification: The increase in apparent size of a specimen.
- Calculation: Actual size = Image size / Magnification (units in millimeters)
- Units for size measurements can be converted from mm to μm by multiplying by 1000 (1mm = 1000 μm).
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on the structures and functions of animal and plant cells. This quiz covers cell components such as the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and unique structures found in plant cells. Understand the roles these parts play in cellular processes.
