Cell Structure and Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?

  • Transporting lipids around the cell (correct)
  • Creating energy for cellular processes
  • Breaking down harmful cell products
  • Synthesis of proteins

    • What are lysosomes specifically designed to do?

  • Store molecules
  • Produce energy for the cell
  • Synthesize proteins
  • Digest cellular debris and waste (correct)

    • Which structures are involved in cellular division and found only in animal cells?

  • Centrioles (correct)
  • Lysosomes
  • Vacuoles
  • Golgi apparatus

    • What are vesicles primarily used for in the cell?

    <p>Transport and storage of molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the cytoskeleton best described?

    <p>A dynamic network of protein filaments and tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key function of vacuoles in cells?

    <p>Secretory and storage functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would happen if lysosomes fail to function properly in a cell?

    <p>Cells would be unable to break down waste and debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily composes a centriole in a cell?

    <p>Nine groups of three microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cell wall in plant cells?

    <p>Providing structural support and protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the central vacuole in mature plant cells?

    <p>It can occupy more than 30% of the cell’s volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

    <p>Capturing light energy for photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prevents a plant cell from bursting when water enters it?

    <p>The cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the structure of chloroplasts?

    <p>Two phospholipid membranes with an inter membrane space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason larger cells face challenges with nutrient and gas exchange?

    <p>The surface area to volume ratio decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a common component of all cells?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure acts as the boundary between the interior of a cell and its external environment?

    <p>Cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

    <p>Synthesize proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the cytoplasm?

    <p>The liquid component that houses organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are bacteria considered a good example of prokaryotic cells?

    <p>They lack membrane-bound organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is typically larger and more complex?

    <p>Eukaryotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic distinguishes the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) from the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

    <p>Presence of ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ribosomes typically found in a cell?

    <p>Floating in the cytoplasm and attached to the endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of transport vesicles in the cell?

    <p>To transport proteins and molecules from the ER</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>It consists of multiple flat, membrane-covered discs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major role does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) not perform?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to proteins synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum after their formation?

    <p>They are packaged into vesicles and sent to the Golgi apparatus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

    <p>Protein modification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Circular DNA found in the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the plasma membrane in prokaryotes?

    <p>Carrying out most metabolic functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is unique to eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Membrane-bound nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is eukaryotic DNA organized?

    <p>In one or more linear molecules called chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature helps some prokaryotes adhere to surfaces?

    <p>Capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of cells in maintaining homeostasis?

    <p>Maintaining a constant internal environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about prokaryotic cells?

    <p>They are unicellular organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are prokaryotes considered some of the most common organisms on Earth?

    <p>They can be found in almost every environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Size and Movement

    • As cell size increases, nutrient and gas exchange becomes more difficult.
    • Most cells range from 1 to 100 μm in diameter; egg cells are a notable exception.

    Common Cell Structures

    • All cells have:
      • A plasma membrane
      • Cytoplasm
      • Ribosomes for protein synthesis
      • DNA containing genetic information
    • The cell membrane serves as a boundary, controlling the exchange between intracellular and extracellular environments.

    Cytoplasm

    • Composed of cytosol, a fluid with dissolved particles, and organelles responsible for specific cellular functions.

    Ribosomes

    • Sites of protein synthesis found in the cytosol, either free or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

    Types of Cells

    • Two major cell types:
      • Prokaryotic cells: typically single-celled, smaller, lack true nucleus.
      • Eukaryotic cells: can be multicellular or single-celled, organized by internal membranes and a cytoskeleton.

    Prokaryotic Cells

    • Smallest cells (1–10 μm) with cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and a rigid cell wall.
    • Lack distinct compartments and membrane-bound organelles; DNA is circular and found in the cytoplasm.
    • Bacteria exemplify prokaryotes, thriving in diverse environments.

    Eukaryotic Cells

    • Characterized by a membrane-bound nucleus and organized DNA in linear chromosomes.
    • Include both single-celled and multicellular organisms.

    Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

    • Two types:
      • Rough ER (RER): Studded with ribosomes, synthesizes proteins for transport.
      • Smooth ER (SER): Lacks ribosomes, involved in lipid synthesis, calcium storage, and detoxification.

    Golgi Apparatus

    • Consists of membrane-covered discs (cisternae) that modify, sort, and package substances for secretion or internal use.
    • Located near the nucleus and works closely with the RER to handle proteins.

    Vesicles

    • Small, spherical compartments serving various roles in metabolism, transport, and storage.
    • Can originate from the Golgi apparatus, ER, or cell membrane.

    Lysosomes

    • Formed by the Golgi apparatus, contain enzymes for digesting cellular debris and waste products, and can eliminate invading bacteria.

    Centrioles

    • Microtubule structures important for cellular division, found only in animal cells.
    • Organize the mitotic spindle during mitosis.

    Vacuoles

    • Membrane-bound organelles with storage, secretory, and excretory functions.
    • Particularly large in certain plant cells.

    Cytoskeleton

    • A network of protein filaments (microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules) providing structural support to cells.

    Plant Cell Structures

    • Unique features include:
      • Cell wall: Rigid structure outside the membrane for support and protection, made of cellulose.
      • Central vacuole: Occupies significant cell volume, maintaining turgor pressure.
      • Chloroplasts: Organelle for photosynthesis, converting sunlight into sugars.

    Summary of Plant Cell Features

    • Cell wall maintains structural integrity.
    • Central vacuole stores materials and maintains pressure.
    • Chloroplasts enable energy production via photosynthesis, enclosed by dual membranes.

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