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Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
What role do decomposers play in an ecosystem?
What role do decomposers play in an ecosystem?
- They break down dead organic matter and recycle nutrients. (correct)
- They convert sunlight into energy.
- They compete with consumers for resources.
- They consume producers and convert them into energy.
Which factor is NOT a component of natural selection?
Which factor is NOT a component of natural selection?
- Variation in traits among individuals.
- Survival and reproduction of the fittest.
- Competition for resources.
- The influence of random chance. (correct)
What is a primary consequence of climate change identified in environmental studies?
What is a primary consequence of climate change identified in environmental studies?
- Stabilization of ecosystems.
- Increase in species diversity.
- Loss of biodiversity. (correct)
- Reduction of natural disasters.
In the process of photosynthesis, which of the following is produced as a byproduct?
In the process of photosynthesis, which of the following is produced as a byproduct?
What evidence supports the theory of evolution regarding common ancestry?
What evidence supports the theory of evolution regarding common ancestry?
What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following organelles is primarily responsible for protein synthesis?
Which of the following organelles is primarily responsible for protein synthesis?
Mendelian principles of heredity primarily explain what aspect of genetics?
Mendelian principles of heredity primarily explain what aspect of genetics?
What is the primary function of the vacuoles in a cell?
What is the primary function of the vacuoles in a cell?
Which system in the human body is responsible for transporting nutrients and gases?
Which system in the human body is responsible for transporting nutrients and gases?
What is the main role of the endoplasmic reticulum in a cell?
What is the main role of the endoplasmic reticulum in a cell?
Which statement accurately describes the process of photosynthesis?
Which statement accurately describes the process of photosynthesis?
Chromosomes are structures composed of what materials?
Chromosomes are structures composed of what materials?
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Flashcards
Flashcards
Ecology
Ecology
The study of interactions between organisms and their environment.
Evolution
Evolution
Gradual change in populations over time through natural selection.
Food Web
Food Web
Shows how energy flows through organisms in an ecosystem.
Natural Selection
Natural Selection
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Ecosystem
Ecosystem
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Cell Structure
Cell Structure
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Prokaryotic Cell
Prokaryotic Cell
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Eukaryotic Cell
Eukaryotic Cell
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DNA
DNA
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Gene
Gene
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Human Physiology
Human Physiology
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Mitosis
Mitosis
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Cell Transport
Cell Transport
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Flashcards
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Study Notes
Study Notes
Chapter Overview
- Class 12 NIOS Biology likely covers a range of topics, including but not limited to:
- Cell structure and function
- Genetics and heredity
- Human physiology
- Ecology and environment
- Evolution
- Microbiology
- Plant biology
Cell Structure and Function
- Cells are the basic units of life, exhibiting diverse structures and functions.
- Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
- Eukaryotic cells possess a nucleus and various membrane-bound organelles.
- Cell organelles have specific functions, such as the nucleus (control center), mitochondria (powerhouse), endoplasmic reticulum (protein synthesis), Golgi apparatus (processing proteins), ribosomes (protein synthesis), and vacuoles (storage).
- Cell membranes regulate the entry and exit of substances.
- Cell division, mitosis and meiosis produce new cells.
- Cell transport mechanisms, including passive and active transport, facilitates movement of substances across the cell membrane.
- Photosynthesis and respiration are vital metabolic processes for cells.
Genetics and Heredity
- DNA, the genetic material, carries the hereditary information.
- Genes are segments of DNA that code for specific traits.
- Chromosomes are structures containing DNA and proteins.
- Mendelian principles of heredity govern the inheritance of traits.
- Modern genetics includes concepts like DNA replication, gene expression, and mutations.
- Genetic variations lead to diversity and evolution.
- Concepts like dominance, recessiveness, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles, sex-linked inheritance.
- Chromosomal abnormalities and their related disorders.
- Applications of genetics, including genetic engineering and biotechnology.
Human Physiology
- Human physiology explores the functions of different systems in the human body.
- The digestive system breaks down and absorbs nutrients.
- The circulatory system transports nutrients, gases, and waste products.
- The respiratory system facilitates gas exchange.
- The excretory system removes waste products.
- The nervous system coordinates body functions and responses to stimuli.
- The endocrine system regulates body functions through hormones.
- The reproductive system facilitates procreation.
- Basic mechanisms of each bodily system.
- Homeostasis and its role in maintaining the internal environment.
Ecology and Environment
- Ecology studies the interactions between organisms and their environment.
- Ecosystems, biomes and biodiversity.
- Food chains and food webs showcase energy flow in ecosystems.
- Roles of different organisms in an ecosystem (producers, consumers, decomposers).
- Impact of human activities on the environment, including pollution, deforestation, and climate change.
- Conservation of natural resources and ecosystems.
- Key environmental issues like global warming, loss of biodiversity.
Evolution
- Evolution is the process of gradual change in populations over time.
- Natural selection and adaptation in different environments.
- Evidence for evolution, including fossil records, comparative anatomy, and molecular biology.
- Common ancestry and phylogenetic relationships between organisms.
- Adaptations to different environments.
Microbiology
- Covers different types of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa).
- Their structures, metabolisms and functions.
- Microbes’ roles in different environments (decomposers, disease causing).
- Applications of microbiology in medicine, industry and agriculture.
- Importance in human health.
Plant Biology
- Includes plant structure, function and reproduction..
- Photosynthesis, respiration, and plant physiology.
- Different plant growth stages and responses to the environment.
- Importance of plants in ecosystem functioning.
Additional Notes
- Class 12 NIOS Biology is likely to include specific case studies, examples, and practical applications of these concepts.
- Detailed diagrams and illustrations may also be beneficial for learning.
- Refer to the specific NIOS syllabus for a complete and up-to-date comprehension of the curriculum.
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