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Cell Membrane Channels: Leak and Gated Channels
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Cell Membrane Channels: Leak and Gated Channels

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@RoomierRelativity

Questions and Answers

What is the main site of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production within cells?

  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Mitochondria (correct)
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Lysosomes

    • What is the function of the cytoskeleton in a cell?

  • To store genetic information
  • To synthesize proteins
  • To give internal framework to the cell and hold organelles in place (correct)
  • To regulate cell growth

    • What is the role of ATP in a cell?

  • To store genetic information
  • To synthesize proteins
  • To serve as the main energy source for most chemical reactions (correct)
  • To provide structure to the cell

    • What is the material within the inner membrane of a mitochondrion?

    <p>Mitochondrial matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of leak channels in the cell membrane?

    <p>To constantly allow ions to pass through</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the series of chemical reactions that require O2 to break down food molecules to produce ATP?

    <p>Aerobic respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of protein structures make up the cytoskeleton?

    <p>Microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do gated channels differ from leak channels?

    <p>Gated channels regulate the movement of ions, while leak channels do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of water movement in osmosis?

    <p>From a region of higher water concentration to one of lower water concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of osmotic pressure?

    <p>To prevent movement of water across the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would happen to a cell if it experiences large volume changes due to water movement?

    <p>It would disrupt normal cell functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the selectively permeable membrane in osmosis?

    <p>To allow the movement of water from a region of higher to lower water concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of channel is always open, allowing ions to pass through the membrane?

    <p>Leak channel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is osmosis important to cells?

    <p>It helps to maintain normal cell functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ribosomal subunits produced?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of rough ER?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do ribosomal subunits move to after being produced in the nucleus?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of smooth ER?

    <p>Absence of ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of smooth ER in skeletal muscle cells?

    <p>Storage of calcium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the endoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear envelope?

    <p>They are continuous with each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>A series of sacs and tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?

    <p>Rough ER has ribosomes, while smooth ER does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of DNA in a cell?

    <p>To direct protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall structure of a DNA molecule?

    <p>Two nucleotide strands connected and twisted around its long axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bonding pattern between nucleotides on opposite strands?

    <p>Specific and complementary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a carrier molecule in the context of glucose transport?

    <p>To transport glucose across the cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a gene in protein synthesis?

    <p>To provide a chemical set of instructions for making a specific protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of a nucleotide?

    <p>A 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about active transport is true?

    <p>It accumulates necessary substances on one side of the cell membrane at concentrations many times greater than those on the other side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of DNA directing protein synthesis?

    <p>The influence on the structural and functional characteristics of the entire organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of substance movement in active transport?

    <p>Against the concentration gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of proteins synthesized from DNA instructions?

    <p>To serve as structural components, be secreted outside the cell, and regulate chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the sodium-potassium pump in active transport?

    <p>To pump sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy requirement for active transport?

    <p>ATP is required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of DNA in an organism?

    <p>It directs protein synthesis and influences the entire organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of active transport in terms of concentration gradients?

    <p>Substances are accumulated on one side of the cell membrane at concentrations many times greater than those on the other side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between active transport and passive transport?

    <p>Passive transport moves substances with the concentration gradient, while active transport moves substances against the concentration gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a carrier molecule in active transport?

    <p>To transport substances across the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Membrane Channels

    • Leak channels constantly allow ions to pass through the cell membrane.
    • Gated channels limit the movement of ions across the membrane by opening and closing.

    Osmosis

    • Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to one of lower water concentration.
    • Osmosis exerts a pressure, termed osmotic pressure, which is the force required to prevent movement of water across the cell membrane.
    • Osmosis is important to cells because large volume changes caused by water movement can disrupt normal cell functions.

    Active Transport

    • Active transport is a carrier-mediated process that requires ATP to move substances across the cell membrane from regions of lower concentration to those of higher concentration against a concentration gradient.
    • Active transport accumulates necessary substances on one side of the cell membrane at concentrations many times greater than those on the other side.

    Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

    • The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a series of membranes forming sacs and tubules that extends from the outer nuclear membrane into the cytoplasm.
    • Rough ER is involved in protein synthesis and is rough due to attached ribosomes.
    • Smooth ER has no attached ribosomes and is a site for lipid synthesis, cellular detoxification, and it stores calcium ions in skeletal muscle cells.

    Mitochondria

    • Mitochondria are major sites of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production within cells.
    • Mitochondria carry out aerobic respiration, a series of chemical reactions that require O2 to break down food molecules to produce ATP.
    • ATP is the main energy source for most chemical reactions within the cell, and cells with a large energy requirement have more mitochondria than cells that require less energy.

    Cytoskeleton

    • The cytoskeleton gives internal framework to the cell.
    • The cytoskeleton consists of protein structures that support the cell, hold organelles in place, and enable the cell to change shape.
    • The protein structures of the cytoskeleton are microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.

    DNA

    • DNA contains the information that directs protein synthesis; a process called gene expression.
    • A DNA molecule consists of nucleotides joined together to form two nucleotide strands.
    • Each nucleotide consists of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
    • A gene is a sequence of nucleotides that provides a chemical set of instructions for making a specific protein.
    • DNA influences the structural and functional characteristics of the entire organism because it directs protein synthesis.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the two main classes of cell membrane channels, including leak channels and gated channels. It explores how they function and allow ions to pass through.

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