18 Questions
What is the primary difference between simple diffusion and carrier-mediated transport in terms of kinetics?
The rate of uptake of carrier-mediated transport is dependent on the external concentration of the substrate, whereas simple diffusion is not.
What is the function of a selective carrier protein in facilitated diffusion?
To undergo a conformational change to allow the passage of the solute.
What is the term for the transport of one solute coupled with the transport of another solute in the same direction?
Symport.
What is the relationship between the Km of a transporter and its affinity for the substrate?
The lower the Km, the higher the affinity.
What is the term for the transport of a solute out of the cell coupled with the transport of another solute into the cell?
Antipport.
What is the name of the family of transporters that mediate facilitated glucose transport?
GLUT1-12.
What is the primary source of energy for primary active transport?
Hydrolysis of ATP
What is the net result of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump in the plasma membrane?
Establishing a high concentration of Na+ outside the cell and a high concentration of K+ inside the cell
What is the role of insulin in regulating GLUT4?
Insulin promotes the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane
Which type of transport does not require energy?
Passive transport
What is the result of the phosphorylation of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump?
A conformational change that releases Na+ to the exterior
What is the function of the Ca2+-ATPase pump in the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum?
To regulate the concentration of Ca2+ in the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum
What is the primary mechanism by which solutes move from one side of the membrane to the other along their concentration gradient?
Facilitated diffusion
Which type of transport involves the movement of solutes against their concentration gradient, requiring energy expenditure?
Active transport
What is the role of the octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) in membrane transport?
It determines the lipid solubility of a molecule
Which type of transporter is responsible for the transmembrane movement of ions and hydrophilic molecules?
Proteins
What is the characteristic of a symporter?
It moves ions and molecules in the same direction
Which statement is true about the Na+/K+ ATPase transporter?
It uses ATP hydrolysis to pump Na+ and K+
Learn about the structure and function of ion channels and water channels, also known as aquaporins, in cell membranes. This quiz covers the molecular biology of cell membranes and membrane transport, including the Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Professors Peter Agre and Roderick MacKinnon. Test your knowledge of ion channels, such as KCSA, and their importance in cellular processes.
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