Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main function of mitochondria in cells?
What is the main function of mitochondria in cells?
Which component of the mitochondria is involved in ATP production?
Which component of the mitochondria is involved in ATP production?
What characteristic distinguishes rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) from smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
What characteristic distinguishes rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) from smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
What are the structural components of centrioles?
What are the structural components of centrioles?
Signup and view all the answers
Which function is primarily associated with smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
Which function is primarily associated with smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the cytoskeleton?
What is the primary function of the cytoskeleton?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of porins found in the outer membrane of mitochondria?
What is the role of porins found in the outer membrane of mitochondria?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of filament is most rigid and consists of tubulin protein?
Which type of filament is most rigid and consists of tubulin protein?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of cells prominently feature rough endoplasmic reticulum?
What type of cells prominently feature rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Signup and view all the answers
What cellular structure is involved in the modification and packaging of proteins?
What cellular structure is involved in the modification and packaging of proteins?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structures form the mitotic spindle during cell division?
Which structures form the mitotic spindle during cell division?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a feature of mitochondria?
Which of the following is a feature of mitochondria?
Signup and view all the answers
Where are centrioles primarily located within a cell?
Where are centrioles primarily located within a cell?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the diameter of microfilaments?
What is the diameter of microfilaments?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following structures are responsible for muscle contraction?
Which of the following structures are responsible for muscle contraction?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of intermediate filaments in the cell?
What is the role of intermediate filaments in the cell?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary role of integral proteins in the cell membrane?
What is the primary role of integral proteins in the cell membrane?
Signup and view all the answers
Which microscopy technique can show the trilaminar structure of the cell membrane?
Which microscopy technique can show the trilaminar structure of the cell membrane?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary characteristic of the lipid bilayer in the cell membrane?
What is the primary characteristic of the lipid bilayer in the cell membrane?
Signup and view all the answers
What process describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?
What process describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements about peripheral proteins is true?
Which of the following statements about peripheral proteins is true?
Signup and view all the answers
What is active transport?
What is active transport?
Signup and view all the answers
Which component forms the primary barrier in the cell membrane?
Which component forms the primary barrier in the cell membrane?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of the cell membrane is composed of proteins?
What percentage of the cell membrane is composed of proteins?
Signup and view all the answers
Which staining method specifically targets carbohydrates?
Which staining method specifically targets carbohydrates?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary role of lysosomes within a cell?
What is the primary role of lysosomes within a cell?
Signup and view all the answers
Which pigment is synthesized inside the body?
Which pigment is synthesized inside the body?
Signup and view all the answers
How are peroxisomes primarily characterized?
How are peroxisomes primarily characterized?
Signup and view all the answers
What color does eosin stain the cytoplasm in H&E staining?
What color does eosin stain the cytoplasm in H&E staining?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structures are involved in the formation of microtubules?
Which structures are involved in the formation of microtubules?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT an example of an endogenous pigment?
Which of the following is NOT an example of an endogenous pigment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of ribosomes?
What is the primary function of ribosomes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of Golgi stacks?
What is the main function of Golgi stacks?
Signup and view all the answers
Which feature distinguishes the cis face of the Golgi apparatus?
Which feature distinguishes the cis face of the Golgi apparatus?
Signup and view all the answers
What kind of staining method is used to detect lysosomes under a light microscope?
What kind of staining method is used to detect lysosomes under a light microscope?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the functions of peroxisomes?
What is one of the functions of peroxisomes?
Signup and view all the answers
How are ribosomes generally viewed under a light microscope?
How are ribosomes generally viewed under a light microscope?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the constituents of a ribosome?
What are the constituents of a ribosome?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements about lysosomes is correct?
Which of the following statements about lysosomes is correct?
Signup and view all the answers
What role do peroxisomes play in cells?
What role do peroxisomes play in cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Cell Membrane
- Composed of a phospholipid bilayer (30%)
- Includes cholesterol and proteins (60%)
- Contains carbohydrates (10%)
- Hydrophilic heads face outwards, hydrophobic tails inwards
- Forms a barrier between the cell and its surroundings
- Different types of proteins, integral (completely span the bilayer) and peripheral (loosely attached)
- Selectively permeable, controlling what enters and exits the cell
- Various transport mechanisms include simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport.
Membrane Transport
- Simple diffusion: Movement of small, uncharged molecules from high to low concentration, no energy needed.
- Facilitated diffusion: Movement of molecules across a membrane with the help of carrier proteins, high to low concentration, no energy needed.
- Active transport: Movement of molecules from low to high concentration, requires energy (e.g., Na+/K+ pump).
- Endocytosis: Taking substances into the cell through vesicle formation.
- Exocytosis: Releasing substances from the cell through vesicle fusion with the membrane.
Light Microscope
- Can infer the presence of lipid bilayer through dye deposition.
- Special stains like PAS can stain the carb components of the membrane
Electron Microscope
- Trilaminar appearance due to two electron dense bands separated by a lucent one.
- 8-10 nm thickness, signifying the membrane's structure
Mitochondria
- Seen as granules, rods, or filaments in light microscopy
- Appear round or oval with double membranes and intermembrane space in electron microscopy
- Function in energy production (cellular respiration)
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Not visible in light microscopy, but appears as basophilic regions.
- System of interconnected membranes (cisternae) with ribosomes attached.
- Involved in protein synthesis and modification and transport through vesicles.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Appear acidophilic in light microscopy.
- Extensive tubular network without ribosomes.
- Involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage.
Golgi Apparatus
- Consists of flattened saccules (cisternae).
- Involved in modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins and lipids from the ER into vesicles for transport.
- Cis face (receiving) and trans face (shipping)
Lysosomes
- Electron-dense granules
- Contain hydrolytic enzymes (digestive)
- Involved in the breakdown of cellular debris, and waste materials
Peroxisomes
- Electron-dense, membrane-bound organelles
- Contain enzymes involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification of harmful substances.
Ribosomes
- Composed of large and small subunits, responsible for protein synthesis
Cytoskeleton (Microtubules)
- Thin protein filaments involved in cell structure, shape, and movement.
- Classified as microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.
- Microtubules are important for cell division, maintaining cell structure and movement
Centrioles
- Composed of 9 microtubule triplets
Cell Junctions
- Tight junctions, adherens junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions.
- Involved in cell-cell adhesion, communication, and maintaining cell structure
Cell inclusions
- Glycogen granules, pigments, and lipids which are not part of the cell's internal structures are considered inclusions
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the structure and function of the cell membrane in this informative quiz. Learn about the phospholipid bilayer, various types of proteins, and the mechanisms of transport, including diffusion and active transport. Test your knowledge on how cells maintain homeostasis through their selective permeability.
