Biology Chapter on Cell Membrane Transport

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What substances are constantly moving across the cell membrane?

O2, CO2, nutrients, electrolytes, and waste products (correct)

Water and DNA

Lipids and hormones

Proteins and carbohydrates only

What are the two main categories of transport mechanisms across the cell membrane?

Simple and complex transport

Cellular and molecular transport

Passive and active transport (correct)

Primary and secondary transport

Which of the following accurately describes passive transport?

Only transports large molecules

Requires energy input from the cell

Moves substances against their concentration gradient

Occurs without the expenditure of energy (correct)

Which type of transport mechanism would be used to move nutrients into a cell against a concentration gradient?

Active transport (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is not typically transported across the cell membrane?

Solid objects (D) Signup and view all the answers

What types of substances are primarily transported by simple diffusion?

Fat-soluble substances (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the simple diffusion of water-soluble substances like ions generally low?

Their transport depends on the presence of specific channels. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the passive diffusion of water across the cell membrane?

Osmosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are aquaporins responsible for in the process of simple diffusion?

Facilitating water movement (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is commonly transported through simple diffusion?

Carbon dioxide (CO2) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of facilitated diffusion?

It has a maximum transport rate. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor directly influences the maximum rate of facilitated diffusion?

Density of carrier proteins. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does facilitated diffusion primarily transport into the cell?

Glucose molecules. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the energy requirement of facilitated diffusion?

It does not consume energy. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is false regarding facilitated diffusion?

Energy is always needed for transport. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of passive transport mechanisms?

They transport substances from higher to lower concentration. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diffusion does not utilize protein carriers?

Simple diffusion (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of protein carriers in facilitated diffusion?

They help transport substances from higher to lower concentration. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the energy consumption of passive transport?

It does not consume energy in transport. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes facilitated diffusion from simple diffusion?

Facilitated diffusion requires protein carriers, whereas simple diffusion does not. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is one type of substance that moves across the cell membrane?

O₂ (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which category do transport mechanisms across the cell membrane belong to?

Passive and active (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a substance that moves across the cell membrane?

Viruses (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of movement does the transport of CO₂ across the cell membrane represent?

Passive transport only (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the movement of substances across the cell membrane?

Can occur actively or passively (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of primary active transport?

It transports substances against their chemical or electrical gradient. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What energy source is typically consumed during primary active transport?

Chemical energy (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the mechanism used in primary active transport?

Carrier-mediated transport (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which pump is an example of primary active transport?

Na+ - K+ pump (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of using primary active transport in cells?

Creation of electrochemical gradients (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of primary active transport?

It requires energy to transport substances. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following examples illustrates primary active transport?

Na+-K+ pump. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In primary active transport, why is energy consumption necessary?

To transport substances against their gradient. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role do carriers play in primary active transport?

They assist in the transport of substances across the membrane. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the direction of substance movement in primary active transport?

Substances move from low to high concentration. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of energy for secondary active transport?

Electrochemical gradient (D) Signup and view all the answers

In co-transport, how does the transported substance move in relation to the primary substance?

In the same direction (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a substance during secondary active transport?

It attaches to a carrier of another substance (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between co-transport and antiport mechanisms?

Co-transport moves substances in the same direction, antiport moves in opposite directions (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes secondary active transport?

It relies on the concentration gradient established by another substance. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump?

To exchange Na⁺ and K⁺ across the cell membrane. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which process relies on sodium ions (Na⁺) for the absorption of glucose by intestinal cells?

Secondary active transport. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of transport mechanism is exemplified by glucose reabsorption in renal cells?

Secondary active transport. (B) Signup and view all the answers

During primary active transport, what happens to sodium ions (Na⁺)?

They are exchanged with potassium ions (K⁺). (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes secondary active transport?

It can involve the movement of substances against their gradient. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What process involves the uptake of liquid substances into a cell?

Pinocytosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the first step of endocytosis?

The molecule fuses with the cell membrane (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the endocytosis of solid substances such as bacteria?

Phagocytosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

In endocytosis, what happens after the cell membrane invaginates?

The invagination separates to form a vesicle (D) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes pinocytosis from phagocytosis?

Pinocytosis involves the intake of liquid substances (B) Signup and view all the answers