Questions and Answers
What is diffusion?
Which of the following processes includes all others?
In osmosis, water moves from areas of lower solute concentration to areas of higher solute concentration.
True
What is a peripheral protein?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of cholesterol in cell membranes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a protein fiber of the extracellular matrix?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a microfilament of the cytoskeleton?
Signup and view all the answers
Osmosis is an energy-demanding or 'active' process.
Signup and view all the answers
A patient who receives distilled water directly into their bloodstream will have their red blood cells swell and possibly burst.
Signup and view all the answers
In which situation would there be the greatest need for osmoregulation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the voltage across a membrane called?
Signup and view all the answers
What drives simple diffusion and what is the energy source for active transport?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Diffusion and Passive Transport
- Diffusion is a passive process; molecules move from higher to lower concentration without energy expenditure.
- Passive transport encompasses all other listed processes including osmosis, facilitated diffusion, and ion transport down electrochemical gradients.
Osmosis
- Osmosis is defined as water moving through a membrane from lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration.
- It is not an active process; thus does not require energy.
- Osmosis can occur across various cell types, not limited to red blood cells.
Protein Functionality
- Peripheral proteins are located on the surface of cell membranes and play crucial roles in signaling and maintaining the cell’s shape.
- Cholesterol is found within the cell membrane, helping to stabilize its structure and maintain fluidity under varying temperatures.
Extracellular Matrix and Cytoskeleton
- Protein fibers within the extracellular matrix provide structural support and facilitate cell signaling.
- Microfilaments, specifically actin filaments, are key components of the cytoskeleton, aiding in cell movement and shape maintenance.
Blood Transfusion Effects
- Infusing distilled water into a patient's bloodstream can lead to red blood cells swelling and bursting, as blood becomes hypotonic compared to cells.
Osmoregulation
- The greatest need for osmoregulation occurs in organisms like salmon that transition between freshwater and marine environments, facing challenges in maintaining internal salt and water balance.
Membrane Potential
- The voltage across a membrane is referred to as membrane potential, essential for processes such as nerve impulse transmission.
Driving Forces
- The driving force for simple diffusion is the concentration gradient, while active transport relies on ATP as its energy source.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of diffusion, osmosis, and passive transport in cell biology. This quiz covers the roles of proteins in the cell membrane and the extracellular matrix. Test your understanding of how molecules move across cell membranes without energy expenditure.
