22 Questions
What is the term used to describe the division of somatic cells?
Mitosis
What did W. Flemming observe in 1879 and term as 'mitosis'?
Division of thread-like chromosomes
In which cells does mitotic cell division occur frequently throughout life?
Epithelium of the skin
For what purpose is mitotic cell division required in the adult body?
Renewal, regeneration, repair
During which stage of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
Interphase
What triggers the events of mitosis?
Breakdown of the links between sister chromatids during anaphase
What is the aim of mitosis?
To produce two identical daughter cells, each with a complete set of chromosomes
What is cytokinesis?
The division of the cytoplasm and completion of mitosis, resulting in the formation of two daughter cells
What would happen if chromosome condensation did not occur during mitosis?
The long DNA molecules would become tangled, leading to breaks in the chromosomes
What is a characteristic of prophase in mitosis?
Appearance of condensed chromosomes and breakdown of nuclear envelope
During which stage do sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles?
Anaphase
What is a key event that enables chromosomes to move along the mitotic spindle?
Chromosome condensation induced by protein complexes called condensins
Which phase consists of G1, S, and G2 stages?
Interphase
What protein complex induces chromatin condensation to form metaphase chromosomes?
Condensins
Which protein complex holds sister chromatids together?
Cohesins
What initiates the development of the mitotic spindle at prophase?
Centrosomes separation
What type of microtubules are attached to kinetochores of the chromosomes?
Kinetochorial microtubules
What happens in cytokinesis in higher plants?
Cell plate expands outward and fuses with the plasma membrane
What is responsible for resolving sister chromatids into distinct, separable units?
Partial removal of cohesin molecules along the chromosome arms
What induces chromosome condensation to form metaphase chromosomes?
Condensins bind to DNA in M phase and induce chromatin condensation to form metaphase chromosomes.
What holds sister chromatids together following replication?
Cohesins bind looped domains and induce chromosome condensation.
What protein complex binds to DNA in M phase and induces chromatin condensation?
Condensins
Study Notes
- Mitosis is a process that produces two genetically identical daughter cells from a diploid parent cell.
- The cell cycle consists of two major stages: interphase and mitosis. Interphase is the longest phase, where cells grow and duplicate their cytoplasmic contents.
- Mitosis lasts only one hour and is the morphological phase where the nucleus undergoes dramatic alterations.
- The aim of mitosis is to produce two identical daughter cells, each with a complete set of chromosomes.
- Somatic cells are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes.
- The cell cycle is made up of three main phases: G1, S, and G2, in addition to mitosis.
- In interphase, DNA is replicated during S phase, and RNA and protein synthesis occur in all phases.
- Mitosis can be divided into six stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.
- Prophase is the beginning of mitosis and is characterized by the appearance of condensed chromosomes. The nuclear envelope begins to break down and the mitotic spindle starts to form.
- Prometaphase is a transition period between prophase and metaphase, where the chromosomes undergo further condensation. The microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.
- Metaphase is the stage where the chromosomes align on the metaphase plate in the center of the spindle.
- Anaphase is the stage where the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the spindle.
- Telophase is the stage where the chromosomes decondense and the nucleus reforms, and cytokinesis begins.
- Mitosis is crucial for cell division and growth, as it ensures each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.
- The events of mitosis are triggered by the breakdown of the links between sister chromatids during anaphase, which leads to their separation.
- Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm and completion of mitosis, resulting in the formation of two daughter cells.
- Chromosome condensation is a key event of mitosis that enables the chromosomes to move along the mitotic spindle. It is induced by protein complexes called condensins.
- The long DNA molecules of the sister chromatids would become tangled if they didn't condense, leading to breaks in the chromosomes.
Test your knowledge about cell division, mitosis, and the cell cycle with this quiz. Learn about the types of cell division, the observation of mitosis, and the formation of daughter cells.
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