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Questions and Answers
Which of the following phases of the cell cycle is characterized by the replication of DNA?
Which of the following phases of the cell cycle is characterized by the replication of DNA?
During which phase of the cell cycle do chromosomes line up at the center of the cell?
During which phase of the cell cycle do chromosomes line up at the center of the cell?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of interphase?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of interphase?
What is the primary function of cytokinesis?
What is the primary function of cytokinesis?
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During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell?
During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell?
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What is the term used to describe a mass of cells that results from uncontrolled mitotic cell division?
What is the term used to describe a mass of cells that results from uncontrolled mitotic cell division?
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What is the primary purpose of the G1 phase of the cell cycle?
What is the primary purpose of the G1 phase of the cell cycle?
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Which of the following is an agent that can cause cancer?
Which of the following is an agent that can cause cancer?
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Which of the following statements is TRUE about the process of mitosis?
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the process of mitosis?
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Which of the following structures are involved in the movement of chromosomes during mitosis?
Which of the following structures are involved in the movement of chromosomes during mitosis?
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In which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope re-form around the chromosomes?
In which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope re-form around the chromosomes?
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What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of the number of daughter cells produced?
What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of the number of daughter cells produced?
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What process occurs when homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange segments of DNA during meiosis?
What process occurs when homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange segments of DNA during meiosis?
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Which chromosome number is associated with gametes produced by meiosis?
Which chromosome number is associated with gametes produced by meiosis?
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What is the term for the early stage of development after fertilization when the zygote begins to divide?
What is the term for the early stage of development after fertilization when the zygote begins to divide?
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Which of the following describes the genetic differences that arise due to sexual reproduction?
Which of the following describes the genetic differences that arise due to sexual reproduction?
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Which term describes the process of one bacterial cell dividing into two through asexual reproduction?
Which term describes the process of one bacterial cell dividing into two through asexual reproduction?
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What is required for a virus to reproduce within a host organism?
What is required for a virus to reproduce within a host organism?
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What type of reproduction do viruses use when they enter a host cell and remain dormant for multiple cycles?
What type of reproduction do viruses use when they enter a host cell and remain dormant for multiple cycles?
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What is the main difference between somatic cells and gametes in terms of chromosome number?
What is the main difference between somatic cells and gametes in terms of chromosome number?
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Flashcards
Lytic replication
Lytic replication
A process where a virus takes over a cell and makes copies, causing the cell to die and release new viruses.
Pathogen
Pathogen
An organism that causes infection and disease.
Meiosis purpose
Meiosis purpose
To produce gametes, specifically eggs and sperm for sexual reproduction.
Differences in chromosome sets
Differences in chromosome sets
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Gamete
Gamete
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Interphase
Interphase
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G1 Phase
G1 Phase
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S Phase
S Phase
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Mitosis
Mitosis
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Cancer
Cancer
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Tumor
Tumor
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Asexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
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Fertilization
Fertilization
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Zygote
Zygote
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Chromosome Number - Diploid
Chromosome Number - Diploid
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Crossing Over
Crossing Over
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Binary Fission
Binary Fission
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Study Notes
Cell Cycle Review
- Interphase: The phase where the cell is not dividing, but carrying out its normal functions
- G1 Phase: The first stage of cell growth and development after mitosis
- S Phase: The stage of the cell cycle where DNA replication occurs
- G2 Phase: The second stage of cell growth and development
- Mitosis: Cell division resulting in two identical daughter cells (somatic cells).
- Prophase: The nuclear membrane disappears, and chromosomes condense and become visible.
- Metaphase: Chromosomes line up at the middle of the cell
- Anaphase: Chromosomes are separated into sister chromatids
- Telophase: Two new nuclei form.
- Cytokinesis: Division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells.
- Cancer: Uncontrolled mitosis
- Tumor: A mass of cells due to uncontrolled cell division
- Carcinogen: A substance (chemical, virus, or radiation) that causes cancer
Viral Reproduction
- Virus: A non-living particle that requires a host cell to reproduce. It consist of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) and a capsid (protein coat).
- Lytic cycle: A viral reproduction process where a virus immediately takes over the host cell and uses it to reproduce many copies of itself, destroying the cell in the process.
- Lysogenic cycle: A viral reproduction process where a virus enters a host cell, incorporates its genetic material into the host cell's DNA, and remains dormant until later activated.
Sexual vs. Asexual Reproduction
- Asexual reproduction: Creates identical copies of the parent cell through mitosis
- Sexual reproduction: Combines genetic material from two parents (gametes), resulting in variation
- Gamete: Sex cell (sperm or egg)
- Fertilization: The fusion of an egg and sperm to form a zygote
- Zygote: A fertilized egg that contains combined genetic material.
- Haploid: A cell containing one set of chromosomes (found in gametes)
- Diploid: A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (found in body cells)
- Cross-pollination: In plants, the transfer of pollen from one plant to another.
- Mitosis: Cell division resulting in two identical daughter cells.
- Meiosis: Cell division resulting in four haploid daughter cells (gametes). The purpose of meiosis is to produce gametes with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.
Meiosis Questions
- Purpose of meiosis: To produce gametes (egg and sperm)
- Haploid cell: Contains one set of chromosomes.
- Diploid cell: Contains two sets of chromosomes
- Cell produced by Meiosis: Haploid cells
- Number of parent cell divisions in Meiosis: 2
- Number of cells made from each parent cell in meiosis: 4
- Gamete: A sex cell, either an egg or sperm
- Mitosis vs Meiosis: Mitosis produces two diploid somatic cells, while Meiosis produces four haploid gametes.
Mitosis Stages
- Prophase: Chromosomes condense, centrioles move to opposite poles, spindle fibers form, nuclear membrane breaks down.
- Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate (the center of the cell).
- Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
- Telophase: Chromosomes decondense, nuclear membranes reform, spindle fibers disappear.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts of the cell cycle including interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis. It also explores viral reproduction and its characteristics. Test your knowledge on how these processes contribute to cellular life and disease.
