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Questions and Answers
What is meant by the cell cycle or cell division cycle?
What is meant by the cell cycle or cell division cycle?
The series of events that take place in a eukaryotic cell between its formation and the moment it replaces itself.
In what type of cells - prokaryotes or eukaryotes - does the cell cycle occur?
In what type of cells - prokaryotes or eukaryotes - does the cell cycle occur?
Eukaryotes
Name the 2 main phases of the cell cycle.
Name the 2 main phases of the cell cycle.
Mitosis, interphase
What is occurring in a cell during interphase?
What is occurring in a cell during interphase?
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What is occurring during the mitosis phase?
What is occurring during the mitosis phase?
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What process NEVER occurs in interphase?
What process NEVER occurs in interphase?
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Cells obtain ____ and duplicate or copy their ____ or genetic material during interphase.
Cells obtain ____ and duplicate or copy their ____ or genetic material during interphase.
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Where are chromatids found in a cell?
Where are chromatids found in a cell?
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Chromatids are made of a molecule called?
Chromatids are made of a molecule called?
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In what phase do most cells spend the majority of their life in?
In what phase do most cells spend the majority of their life in?
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Name the 3 stages in interphase.
Name the 3 stages in interphase.
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What does G1 stand for and what occurs in this stage?
What does G1 stand for and what occurs in this stage?
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What does S stand for and what occurs in this stage?
What does S stand for and what occurs in this stage?
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What does G2 stand for and what occurs in this stage?
What does G2 stand for and what occurs in this stage?
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What stage occurs after cytokinesis?
What stage occurs after cytokinesis?
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What part of the cell is divided during cytokinesis?
What part of the cell is divided during cytokinesis?
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What are the new cells called and how do they compare with each other?
What are the new cells called and how do they compare with each other?
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What is a major thing happening to a cell during G1?
What is a major thing happening to a cell during G1?
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What cell structures are made in G1?
What cell structures are made in G1?
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What does the S phase stand for?
What does the S phase stand for?
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What happens during the S phase?
What happens during the S phase?
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Each chromosome originally is made of how many DNA molecules and how does this molecule appear in the chromosomes?
Each chromosome originally is made of how many DNA molecules and how does this molecule appear in the chromosomes?
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At the end of S phase each chromosome has how many coiled DNA molecules?
At the end of S phase each chromosome has how many coiled DNA molecules?
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What structure holds the duplicated chromosomes together and is also copied during the S phase?
What structure holds the duplicated chromosomes together and is also copied during the S phase?
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What is the final and shortest phase of interphase?
What is the final and shortest phase of interphase?
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How is the cell prepared for mitosis during the G2 phase?
How is the cell prepared for mitosis during the G2 phase?
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What follows the G2 phase?
What follows the G2 phase?
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What part of the cell is actually dividing in mitosis?
What part of the cell is actually dividing in mitosis?
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What is another name for mitosis?
What is another name for mitosis?
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When are chromosomes duplicated - before or during mitosis?
When are chromosomes duplicated - before or during mitosis?
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What process follows mitosis?
What process follows mitosis?
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The nucleus is divided during ___, while cytoplasm of the cell is divided during ___.
The nucleus is divided during ___, while cytoplasm of the cell is divided during ___.
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How do the two new cells compare with each other?
How do the two new cells compare with each other?
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The two new cells are called ___ cells.
The two new cells are called ___ cells.
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Does mitosis occur in prokaryotes? Explain why or why not.
Does mitosis occur in prokaryotes? Explain why or why not.
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What process is used by bacteria to divide and reproduce?
What process is used by bacteria to divide and reproduce?
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Body cells are called ____ cells, while reproductive cells are known as ____ cells.
Body cells are called ____ cells, while reproductive cells are known as ____ cells.
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Name the 4 mitotic stages.
Name the 4 mitotic stages.
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How does cytokinesis occur in an animal cell?
How does cytokinesis occur in an animal cell?
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Genetic material is called ____ during interphase and IS/IS NOT clearly visible.
Genetic material is called ____ during interphase and IS/IS NOT clearly visible.
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What makes the chromosomes become visible during prophase?
What makes the chromosomes become visible during prophase?
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Besides the nucleus, what else is broken down during prophase?
Besides the nucleus, what else is broken down during prophase?
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What forms during prophase to LATER attach and move chromosomes?
What forms during prophase to LATER attach and move chromosomes?
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Doubled chromosomes are held together by the ___
Doubled chromosomes are held together by the ___
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Where do chromosomes line up during metaphase?
Where do chromosomes line up during metaphase?
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During what stage are sister chromatids separated and moved to opposite ends of the cell?
During what stage are sister chromatids separated and moved to opposite ends of the cell?
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Name 4 things that happen during telophase.
Name 4 things that happen during telophase.
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Study Notes
Cell Cycle Overview
- The cell cycle is a series of events in eukaryotic cells from formation to self-replacement.
- The cell cycle occurs exclusively in eukaryotic cells.
Phases of the Cell Cycle
- Consists of two main phases: mitosis and interphase.
- Interphase involves cell formation and metabolic functions; it does not include cell division.
- During mitosis, replication of the genetic material occurs.
Interphase Details
- Cells obtain nutrients and duplicate chromatids during interphase.
- Interphase is subdivided into three stages: G1, S phase, and G2.
- G1 (Growth 1): In this stage, cells create organelles and initiate metabolism.
- S phase (Synthesis stage): DNA synthesis occurs, resulting in the copying of chromosomes.
- G2 (Growth 2): Cells grow in preparation for division, with rapid growth taking place.
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
- Following cytokinesis, G1 stage restarts; this is when the cytoplasm divides.
- New cells produced are called daughter cells and are genetically identical.
- Mitosis can also be referred to as caryokinesis, focusing on nucleus division.
- The actual dividing part during mitosis is the nucleus.
Chromosomal Structure
- Each chromosome consists of one coiled DNA double helix before synthesis and two identical strands after the S phase.
- The centromere, which holds duplicated chromosomes together, is also copied during the S phase.
Mitotic Stages
- Mitosis comprises four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
- During prophase, DNA condenses into visible chromosomes, nuclear membrane and nucleolus break down, and spindle fibers begin forming.
- Metaphase: Chromosomes align along the equator of the cell.
- Anaphase: Sister chromatids are separated and moved to opposites ends of the cell.
- Telophase: Chromatid pairs reach opposite ends, the nuclear envelope reforms, uncoiling of chromosomes occurs, and spindle fibers disintegrate.
Additional Notes
- Prokaryotes do not undergo mitosis due to the absence of a nucleus; they reproduce via binary fission.
- Body cells are referred to as somatic cells, while reproductive cells are known as germ cells.
- During interphase, genetic material is termed chromatin and is not clearly visible.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
This quiz consists of flashcards focused on the cell cycle and mitosis. It covers key concepts such as the definition of the cell cycle, types of cells involved, and the phases of the cycle. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their knowledge in biology.
