Cell Cycle and Mitosis Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is meant by the cell cycle or cell division cycle?

The series of events that take place in a eukaryotic cell between its formation and the moment it replaces itself.

In what type of cells - prokaryotes or eukaryotes - does the cell cycle occur?

Eukaryotes

Name the 2 main phases of the cell cycle.

Mitosis, interphase

What is occurring in a cell during interphase?

Cell forming, carrying on with its metabolic functions. Signup and view all the answers

What is occurring during the mitosis phase?

Replication Signup and view all the answers

What process NEVER occurs in interphase?

Cell division Signup and view all the answers

Cells obtain and duplicate or copy their or genetic material during interphase.

nutrients, chromatids Signup and view all the answers

Where are chromatids found in a cell?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Chromatids are made of a molecule called?

DNA Signup and view all the answers

In what phase do most cells spend the majority of their life in?

Interphase Signup and view all the answers

Name the 3 stages in interphase.

G1, S phase, G2 Signup and view all the answers

What does G1 stand for and what occurs in this stage?

Growth 1, cell creates organelles and begins metabolism. Signup and view all the answers

What does S stand for and what occurs in this stage?

Synthesis stage, DNA synthesis in which chromosomes of the cell are copied. Signup and view all the answers

What does G2 stand for and what occurs in this stage?

Growth 2, cell grows in preparation for cell division Signup and view all the answers

What stage occurs after cytokinesis?

G1 Signup and view all the answers

What part of the cell is divided during cytokinesis?

Cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What are the new cells called and how do they compare with each other?

Daughter cells, they are identical Signup and view all the answers

What is a major thing happening to a cell during G1?

Cell growth Signup and view all the answers

What cell structures are made in G1?

Organelles Signup and view all the answers

What does the S phase stand for?

Synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the S phase?

DNA synthesis and replication Signup and view all the answers

Each chromosome originally is made of how many DNA molecules and how does this molecule appear in the chromosomes?

1 coiled DNA double helix molecule Signup and view all the answers

At the end of S phase each chromosome has how many coiled DNA molecules?

2 identical ones Signup and view all the answers

What structure holds the duplicated chromosomes together and is also copied during the S phase?

Centromere Signup and view all the answers

What is the final and shortest phase of interphase?

G2 Signup and view all the answers

How is the cell prepared for mitosis during the G2 phase?

Rapid growth Signup and view all the answers

What follows the G2 phase?

Mitosis Signup and view all the answers

What part of the cell is actually dividing in mitosis?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for mitosis?

Caryokinesis Signup and view all the answers

When are chromosomes duplicated - before or during mitosis?

Before Signup and view all the answers

What process follows mitosis?

Cytokinesis Signup and view all the answers

The nucleus is divided during _, while cytoplasm of the cell is divided during _.

mitosis, cytokinesis Signup and view all the answers

How do the two new cells compare with each other?

They are identical Signup and view all the answers

The two new cells are called ___ cells.

Daughter Signup and view all the answers

Does mitosis occur in prokaryotes? Explain why or why not.

False Signup and view all the answers

What process is used by bacteria to divide and reproduce?

Binary fission Signup and view all the answers

Body cells are called cells, while reproductive cells are known as cells.

somatic, germ Signup and view all the answers

Name the 4 mitotic stages.

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase Signup and view all the answers

How does cytokinesis occur in an animal cell?

Cleavage furrow Signup and view all the answers

Genetic material is called ____ during interphase and IS/IS NOT clearly visible.

Chromatin, is not Signup and view all the answers

What makes the chromosomes become visible during prophase?

DNA molecules are shortened and condensed Signup and view all the answers

Besides the nucleus, what else is broken down during prophase?

Nuclear membrane, nucleolus Signup and view all the answers

What forms during prophase to LATER attach and move chromosomes?

Spindle fibers Signup and view all the answers

Doubled chromosomes are held together by the ___

Centromeres Signup and view all the answers

Where do chromosomes line up during metaphase?

Equator Signup and view all the answers

During what stage are sister chromatids separated and moved to opposite ends of the cell?

Anaphase Signup and view all the answers

Name 4 things that happen during telophase.

Chromosome pairs are pulled to opposite ends of cell, Nuclear envelope and nucleolus reform, Chromosomes uncoil, Spindle fibers disintegrate. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Cycle Overview

The cell cycle is a series of events in eukaryotic cells from formation to self-replacement.
The cell cycle occurs exclusively in eukaryotic cells.

Phases of the Cell Cycle

Consists of two main phases: mitosis and interphase.
Interphase involves cell formation and metabolic functions; it does not include cell division.
During mitosis, replication of the genetic material occurs.

Interphase Details

Cells obtain nutrients and duplicate chromatids during interphase.
Interphase is subdivided into three stages: G1, S phase, and G2.
G1 (Growth 1): In this stage, cells create organelles and initiate metabolism.
S phase (Synthesis stage): DNA synthesis occurs, resulting in the copying of chromosomes.
G2 (Growth 2): Cells grow in preparation for division, with rapid growth taking place.

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

Following cytokinesis, G1 stage restarts; this is when the cytoplasm divides.
New cells produced are called daughter cells and are genetically identical.
Mitosis can also be referred to as caryokinesis, focusing on nucleus division.
The actual dividing part during mitosis is the nucleus.

Chromosomal Structure

Each chromosome consists of one coiled DNA double helix before synthesis and two identical strands after the S phase.
The centromere, which holds duplicated chromosomes together, is also copied during the S phase.

Mitotic Stages

Mitosis comprises four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
During prophase, DNA condenses into visible chromosomes, nuclear membrane and nucleolus break down, and spindle fibers begin forming.
Metaphase: Chromosomes align along the equator of the cell.
Anaphase: Sister chromatids are separated and moved to opposites ends of the cell.
Telophase: Chromatid pairs reach opposite ends, the nuclear envelope reforms, uncoiling of chromosomes occurs, and spindle fibers disintegrate.

Additional Notes

Prokaryotes do not undergo mitosis due to the absence of a nucleus; they reproduce via binary fission.
Body cells are referred to as somatic cells, while reproductive cells are known as germ cells.
During interphase, genetic material is termed chromatin and is not clearly visible.

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Description

This quiz consists of flashcards focused on the cell cycle and mitosis. It covers key concepts such as the definition of the cell cycle, types of cells involved, and the phases of the cycle. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their knowledge in biology.