Honors Biology - Unit 5 Review: Cell and Viral Reproduction Answers PDF

# Honors Biology - Unit 5 Review: Cell and Viral Reproduction ## Cell Cycle **(Word Bank: Interphase, Mitosis, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, G1 Phase, S Phase, G2 Phase, Cytokinesis, Cancer, Tumor, Carcinogen)** 1. What is the phase when the cell is not dividing, but just living its n...

# Honors Biology - Unit 5 Review: Cell and Viral Reproduction ## Cell Cycle **(Word Bank: Interphase, Mitosis, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, G1 Phase, S Phase, G2 Phase, Cytokinesis, Cancer, Tumor, Carcinogen)** 1. What is the phase when the cell is not dividing, but just living its normal life? **Interphase** 2. The first stage of cell growth and development after mitosis. **G1** 3. The stage of the cell cycle where DNA is replicated. **S** 4. The second stage of the cell cycle where the cell also grows and develops. **G2** 5. In what phase of the cell cycle do G1, S and G2 stages happen? **Interphase** 6. The nuclear membrane disappears, chromosomes appear. **Prophase** 7. Chromosomes line up at the middle of the cell. **Metaphase** 8. Chromosomes separate into sister chromatids. **Anaphase** 9. Two new nuclei form. **Telophase** 10. Division of the cytoplasm. **Cytokinesis** 11. Single-stranded chromosomes copy their DNA, forming double-stranded chromosomes with two chromatids instead of one. **S-phase** 12. Two stages in the cell cycle where the cell increases in size and builds new organelles. **G and G** 13. A disease caused by uncontrolled mitotic cell division. **Cancer** 14. A mass of cells in the body, caused by uncontrolled mitotic cell division. **Tumor** 15. Something that causes cancer, like radiation, some chemicals, some viruses. **Carcinogen** 16. What is the purpose of mitotic cell division? * A. To divide one body cell (somatic cell) into two identical daughter cells. * B. To create haploid gametes. * C. To reduce the chromosome number. * D. To make smaller cells. 17. What type of cell division depends upon mitosis? (more than one answer is correct) * A. Asexual reproduction * B. Sexual reproduction * C. Viral reproduction * D. Binary fission 18. Viewed under a microscope, how do you know a tissue has a lot of growth? * A. Big cells * B. Small cells * C. Sperm and eggs * D. lots of mitosis ## Meiosis **(Word bank: diploid, haploid, gamete, zygote, embryo, sperm, fertilization, egg, testes, ovaries, somatic cell, crossing over, recombination, variations, cross-pollination, sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction, homologous chromosomes)** 1. Type of reproduction that depends on mitosis. **Asexual** 2. Type of reproduction that depends on meiosis. **Sexual** 3. A cell with only one set of chromosomes (half the normal number). **Gamete, Haploid, Sperm, Egg** 4. A cell with two sets of chromosomes (the normal number). **Diploid** 5. The type of reproduction that combines DNA form a mother and a father. **Sexual** 6. The type of reproduction that makes an identical copy of one parent. **Asexual** 7. Sex cells, like egg and sperm. **Gamete** 8. The female gamete. **Egg** 9. The male gamete. **Sperm** 10. The joining of egg and sperm. **Fertilization -> Zygote** 11. The male organ of meiosis. **Testes** 12. The female organ of meiosis. **Ovaries** 13. Sexual reproduction mixes the DNA from two parents to form a unique individual. What is this process of mixing different DNA called? **Recombination** 14. A normal body cell produced by mitosis. **Somatic** 15. A sex cell produced by meiosis. **Gamete** 16. Because of sexual reproduction, each individual has a unique genetic makeup. These genetic differences are called: **Variations** 17. Sexual reproduction in plants is called **cross-pollination.** 18. The single cell that is produced by fertilization, when egg and sperm join. **Zygote** 19. Once the zygote starts dividing to make more than one cell it is called a **embryo** 20. The chromosome number in a cell produced by mitosis. **Diploid** 21. The chromosome number produced by meiosis. **Haploid** 22. The chromosome number in a gamete. **Haploid** 23. The chromosome number in a somatic cell. **Diploid** 24. Pairs of similar chromosomes, one from mom and from dad. **Homologous Chromosome** 25. When homologous chromosomes pair up during meiosis and swap pieces of DNA. **Crossing over** ## Viruses vs. Bacteria **(Word bank: virus, bacteria, prokaryotic, eukaryotic, binary fission, lysogenic cycle, lytic cycle, pathogen, capsid, nucleic acid, DNA, RNA, host cell)** 1. Living cells **Bacteria** 2. Nonliving, because it is not made of cells. **Virus** 3. Cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. **Eukaryote** 4. Cells with no nucleus and no organelles. **Bacteria = prokaryote** 5. The process of one bacteria cell dividing into two bacteria by asexual reproduction. **Binary fission** 6. Reproduces without mitosis. **Virus** 7. The type of cell class in which bacteria belong. **Prokaryote** 8. The outside "shell" of a virus, made of protein. **Capsid** 9. The genetic material contained inside a virus. **Nucleic Acid, DNA, RNA** 10. What does a virus need in order to reproduce? **Host cell** 11. The type of reproduction where a virus enters a cell, attaches its DNA to the host cell, and hides dormant in the cell for many cell cycles. **Lysogenic** 12. The type of reproduction where a virus enters a cell and immediately takes over the cell and commands the cell to make lots of virus copies. The cell dies and many viruses escape to infect other cells. **Lytic** 13. Something that causes infection and disease. **Pathogen** 14. Draw and label a virus. ( **Not included)** 15. Draw and label a bacterium (singular for bacteria). **(Not included)** ## Meiosis Questions 1. What is the purpose of meiosis? **To produce gametes = egg and sperm** 2. What is the difference between a diploid cell and a haploid cell? **Haploid cells have one set of chromosomes. Diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes (this is the normal number)** 3. What kind of cell is produced by meiosis? (haploid or diploid) **Haploid** 4. How many times does the parent cell divide during meiosis? **2** 5. How many cells are produced from each parent cell in meiosis? **4** 6. What is a gamete? **Gamete = sex cell = egg or sperm** 7. Does meiosis produce body cells or gametes? **Gametes** 8. If a spider has 28 chromosomes in its leg cells, how many are in it's egg cells? **14** 9. If a dandelion has 30 chromosomes in its sperm cell, how many are in each leaf cell? **60** 10. Is meiosis used for sexual reproduction, or asexual reproduction? **Sexual Reproduction** ## Unit test: DNA LAB SEGMENT **Diagram and label the 4 steps of mitosis.** **Steps:** anaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase (these are not in order) **Parts to label (if visible): chromosomes, nucleus, cell membrane** ### Step 1: Prophase * Cell membrane * Nucleus * Chromosome ### Step 2: Metaphase * Centriole * Spindle fiber * Chromosome ### Step 3: Anaphase * Centriole * Spindle fiber * Chromosomes ### Step 4: Telophase * Cell Membrane * Chromosomes * Nucleus