38 Questions
Which function of membrane proteins involves the attachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix?
Attachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix
What is required for HIV to infect a cell?
Binding to the immune cell surface protein CD4 and a 'co-receptor' CCR5
Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?
DNA replication
What role do drugs play in blocking HIV entry into cells?
Preventing the masking of CCR5 co-receptor protein
Which membrane protein serves the function of signal transduction?
G Protein-Coupled Receptor
In HIV infections, what prevents the virus from entering the cells of resistant individuals?
'CCR5' co-receptor protein
Which function of membrane proteins involves creating channels for substances to pass through the membrane?
'Transport'
What is the main function of membrane carbohydrates in cell-cell recognition?
Recognizing and binding to other cells
Where are membrane carbohydrates commonly covalently bonded?
To proteins
What determines the asymmetrical distribution of plasma membrane components?
The process of membrane building by the ER and Golgi apparatus
How do membranes have distinct inside and outside faces?
Through the arrangement of lipids and proteins
Which organelles are primarily involved in the synthesis of membrane components?
Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
What is a common feature among the carbohydrates of plasma membranes?
They are involved in cell recognition
In which species do membrane carbohydrates vary?
Among individuals within a species
What is the role of cholesterol in membrane fluidity at warm temperatures?
It restrains movement of phospholipids, preventing the membrane from becoming too fluid
How do peripheral proteins differ from integral proteins in terms of membrane association?
Peripheral proteins are bound to the surface of the membrane, while integral proteins penetrate the hydrophobic core
What is the function of transmembrane proteins?
They penetrate the hydrophobic core and span the entire membrane
Why do variations in lipid composition occur in cell membranes of different species?
Due to specific adaptations to environmental conditions
How do integral proteins contribute to membrane structure?
By penetrating the hydrophobic core and being embedded in the membrane
At what temperatures does cholesterol maintain membrane fluidity by preventing tight packing?
Cool temperatures
What kind of amino acids are found in the hydrophobic regions of integral proteins?
Nonpolar amino acids
What is the main difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?
Facilitated diffusion is a slower process compared to active transport.
How do carrier proteins participate in facilitated diffusion?
Carrier proteins change shape to translocate solute-binding sites across the membrane.
Which of the following statements about active transport is true?
Active transport requires energy usually in the form of ATP.
Why can active transport maintain concentration gradients that differ from their surroundings?
Because active transport uses energy to move solutes against their concentration gradients.
What type of system is the sodium-potassium pump an example of?
An active transport system
How do carrier proteins in facilitated diffusion differ from those in active transport?
Carrier proteins in facilitated diffusion change shape to translocate solute-binding sites, while those in active transport do not participate in shape changes.
What kind of transport is facilitated diffusion and what type of transport is the sodium-potassium pump an example of?
Active transport and facilitated diffusion
What is the specific case of active transport illustrated in Figure 7.15?
Sodium-potassium pump
In the context of active transport, what is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump?
To move sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell
What differentiates active transport from passive transport?
Active transport requires energy, while passive transport does not.
Which of the following accurately describes a characteristic of passive transport?
Transport from an area of high concentration to low concentration
What role do carrier proteins play in active transport processes like the sodium-potassium pump?
Assist in transporting molecules across membranes using energy
Which statement best describes how the sodium-potassium pump contributes to maintaining cell homeostasis?
By regulating the movement of sodium and potassium ions to balance gradients inside and outside the cell
What would happen to a cell if its sodium-potassium pump malfunctions?
The cell would be unable to maintain its resting membrane potential.
Which term best describes a process where a cell engulfs large particles or cells by forming pseudopods around them?
Phagocytosis
True or False: Active transport processes do not require energy input.
False
What happens to a cell when it is exposed to a hypertonic solution?
Water will move out of the cell causing it to shrink.
Test your knowledge on how cells recognize each other through membrane carbohydrates. Learn about the role of glycolipids and glycoproteins in cell recognition, and understand how membrane carbohydrates vary among species, individuals, and cell types.
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