Inflammation Response: Microbe and Cell Recognition
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary consequence of severe tissue damage on the inflammatory response?

  • Abscess formation
  • Scar formation (correct)
  • Resolution
  • Chronic inflammation
  • Which of the following is NOT a hallmark of acute inflammation?

  • Function loss
  • Numbness (correct)
  • Redness
  • Heat
  • What occurs when the acute inflammatory response fails to resolve the injury?

  • Scar formation
  • Chronic inflammation (correct)
  • Abscess formation
  • Resolution
  • What is the usual outcome of acute inflammation when the injury is short-lived or minor?

    <p>Resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of an abscess?

    <p>A collection of neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of acute inflammation when there is significant tissue damage?

    <p>Scar formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of resident cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, in the inflammatory response?

    <p>To recognize and detect foreign invaders or dead cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of exudate is characterized by the presence of red blood cells?

    <p>Hemorrhagic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a localized and walled-off collection of purulent exudate?

    <p>Abscess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the development of fever during the acute-phase response?

    <p>Increased production of cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the erosion of the epithelial surface, which can occur during inflammation?

    <p>Ulceration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between acute and chronic inflammation in terms of systemic reactions?

    <p>Acute inflammation has a more severe systemic reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of integrins on the surface of leukocytes?

    <p>To recognize and bind to ligands on the endothelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cytokines in the process of leukocyte recruitment?

    <p>To increase the expression of ligands on the endothelial surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of PECAM-1 in the process of leukocyte recruitment?

    <p>To help leukocytes migrate out of the bloodstream and into the tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chemokines in the process of leukocyte recruitment?

    <p>To guide leukocytes to the site of inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of production of plasma-derived inflammatory mediators?

    <p>The liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the low affinity between integrins on leukocytes and ligands on endothelium in normal un-injured tissue?

    <p>To prevent the unnecessary recruitment of leukocytes to normal tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic that distinguishes dry gangrene from wet gangrene?

    <p>Accumulation of fluid in the tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which autophagy occurs?

    <p>Lysosomal digestion of cellular components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical location of dry gangrene?

    <p>Extremities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common complication associated with wet gangrene?

    <p>Systemic infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hallmark of gas gangrene?

    <p>Formation of H2S bubbles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the underlying mechanism that contributes to cell aging?

    <p>Accumulation of reactive oxygen species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vasoactive mediators causes vasoconstriction?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following chemotactic factors recruits leukocytes and activates neutrophils?

    <p>Leukotrienes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cell-derived inflammatory mediators is involved in platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction?

    <p>PAF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following enzymes acts on eicosanoids to form either leukotrienes or lipoxins?

    <p>Lipoxygenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following anaphylatoxins induces histamine release?

    <p>C3a</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following inflammatory mediators is involved in pain response?

    <p>Bradykinin</p> Signup and view all the answers

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