Inflammation Response: Microbe and Cell Recognition
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary consequence of severe tissue damage on the inflammatory response?

  • Abscess formation
  • Scar formation (correct)
  • Resolution
  • Chronic inflammation

Which of the following is NOT a hallmark of acute inflammation?

  • Function loss
  • Numbness (correct)
  • Redness
  • Heat

What occurs when the acute inflammatory response fails to resolve the injury?

  • Scar formation
  • Chronic inflammation (correct)
  • Abscess formation
  • Resolution

What is the usual outcome of acute inflammation when the injury is short-lived or minor?

<p>Resolution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of an abscess?

<p>A collection of neutrophils (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of acute inflammation when there is significant tissue damage?

<p>Scar formation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of resident cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, in the inflammatory response?

<p>To recognize and detect foreign invaders or dead cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of exudate is characterized by the presence of red blood cells?

<p>Hemorrhagic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a localized and walled-off collection of purulent exudate?

<p>Abscess (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the development of fever during the acute-phase response?

<p>Increased production of cytokines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the erosion of the epithelial surface, which can occur during inflammation?

<p>Ulceration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between acute and chronic inflammation in terms of systemic reactions?

<p>Acute inflammation has a more severe systemic reaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of integrins on the surface of leukocytes?

<p>To recognize and bind to ligands on the endothelium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cytokines in the process of leukocyte recruitment?

<p>To increase the expression of ligands on the endothelial surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of PECAM-1 in the process of leukocyte recruitment?

<p>To help leukocytes migrate out of the bloodstream and into the tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of chemokines in the process of leukocyte recruitment?

<p>To guide leukocytes to the site of inflammation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of production of plasma-derived inflammatory mediators?

<p>The liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the low affinity between integrins on leukocytes and ligands on endothelium in normal un-injured tissue?

<p>To prevent the unnecessary recruitment of leukocytes to normal tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic that distinguishes dry gangrene from wet gangrene?

<p>Accumulation of fluid in the tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which autophagy occurs?

<p>Lysosomal digestion of cellular components (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical location of dry gangrene?

<p>Extremities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common complication associated with wet gangrene?

<p>Systemic infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark of gas gangrene?

<p>Formation of H2S bubbles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying mechanism that contributes to cell aging?

<p>Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vasoactive mediators causes vasoconstriction?

<p>Serotonin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following chemotactic factors recruits leukocytes and activates neutrophils?

<p>Leukotrienes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cell-derived inflammatory mediators is involved in platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction?

<p>PAF (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enzymes acts on eicosanoids to form either leukotrienes or lipoxins?

<p>Lipoxygenase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following anaphylatoxins induces histamine release?

<p>C3a (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following inflammatory mediators is involved in pain response?

<p>Bradykinin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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