42 Questions
Glucose metabolism in the brain is not changed in epileptic patients.
False
What is the result of MCTs (C8–C10) being metabolized in the liver?
Ketone bodies
Why is the brain limited in its ability to use Long Chain Fatty Acids as an energy source?
Because they cannot be easily oxidated and used by the brain as energy.
Neurons can oxidate ______________________ bodies.
ketone
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
MCT = Medium Chain Triglycerides MCFA = Medium Chain Fatty Acids IE = Idiopathic Epilepsy LCT = Long Chain Triglycerides
What is believed to be an inhibiting effect of epileptic brain storm propagation?
MCFA (C-10 decanoic acid)
Dr. Artur Varejão has no clinical cases of dogs not responding to medication.
False
What is the purpose of using MCTs in the treatment of idiopathic epilepsy?
To offer an alternative energy source to the brain.
What percentage of epileptic dogs continue to suffer seizures even when medicated?
2/3
All epileptic dogs respond to a combination of 3 different antiepileptic drugs.
False
What is Polydipsia?
excess thirst (soif)
The secondary effects of AED can lead to a loss of _______________________
quality of life
What is a common secondary effect of antiepileptic drugs?
All of the above
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Polyphagia = excess hunger Polyuria = excess production of urine Ataxia = lack of muscle coordination Lethargy = lack of energy
1/3 of epileptic dogs have seizures that are easy to control.
False
What percentage of cases are difficult to control?
1/3
What is the percentage of epileptic seizure reduction in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy?
50%
The MCTs diet resulted in a decrease in β-hydroxybutyrate in blood.
False
What is the name of the neurodegenerative condition that develops in senior dogs?
Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CCDS)
What percentage of European dogs are estimated to be over __________ years old?
7
What is the name of the diet that was studied as a treatment for dogs with idiopathic epilepsy?
Medium-chain TAG diet
The study found that the MCTs diet resulted in a change in phenobarbital levels in blood.
False
The MCTs diet resulted in a significant rise in __________ in blood.
β-hydroxybutyrate
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Idiopathic epilepsy = A type of epilepsy with no known cause Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CCDS) = A neurodegenerative condition that develops in senior dogs Medium-chain TAG diet = A diet that was studied as a treatment for dogs with idiopathic epilepsy Ketogenic diet = A diet that is associated with anti-epileptic properties
What is the primary energy source used by the dog brain?
Glucose
CCDS is more common in female dogs.
False
What is the name of the drug used to treat CCDS?
Selegiline
The risk of CCDS increases with age, especially in dogs over __________ years old.
7
Match the following CCDS signs with their descriptions:
Cerebral atrophy = Contributes to CCDS signs development Increased ventricles = Affects memory and learning = Reduces brain capacity to use glucose
What is an example of an environmental modification used to treat CCDS?
Using new toys and training
CCDS can be cured with early diagnosis and treatment.
False
What is the name of the condition being described in the content?
Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CCDS)
What is the primary benefit of MCTs in senior dog brains?
All of the above
Purina ProPlan Veterinary Diet Neurocare NC is a treatment for idiopathic epilepsy.
True
What is the percentage of MCTs in PPVD Canine NeuroCare?
6.5%
The brain usually uses ______________________ as primary energy source.
glucose
What is the purpose of arginine supplementation in Neurocare NC?
Supports blood flow and blood pressure
Neurocare NC is the only diet with 6.5% MCTs.
True
What is the result of a study with +9 years dogs diagnosed with CCDS, using a diet containing 6.5% MCTs?
Significant improvement in DISHAA signs after 90 days
MCFA can have an inhibiting effect of ______________________ storm propagation.
epileptic brain
Match the following nutrients with their benefits in Neurocare NC:
Omega 3 Fatty Acids = Helps to reduce inflammation and supports brain function Vitamins C and E = Reduces oxidative stress in the brain Arginine = Supports blood flow, blood pressure, and cerebral function MCTs = Provides an alternative energy source to the brain
Neurocare NC is formulated with neuroprotective nutrients, clinically proven to improve cerebral function.
True
Study Notes
Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CCDS)
- CCDS is a neurodegenerative condition that develops in senior dogs.
- Older dogs are more often affected, and the risk increases with age.
- No breed or sex predisposition is apparent.
- CCDS signs include clinical signs, pathogenesis, and structural and metabolic changes in the aging brain.
- The dog brain uses glucose as the primary energy source, and aging reduces the brain's capacity to use glucose, affecting memory, learning, attention, and decision-making.
CCDS Treatment
- Early diagnosis and treatment intervention can help improve the dog's quality of life.
- Treatment options include drugs (e.g., Selegiline), environmental modifications, and diet changes.
- Dietary changes may help improve the dog's quality of life.
Idiopathic Epilepsy
- Two-thirds of epileptic dogs continue to suffer seizures even when medicated, and one-third of cases are difficult to control.
- Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can have secondary effects, including anxiety, weight gain, polydipsia, polyphagia, ataxia, lethargy, and quality of life loss.
- Some patients may not respond to a combination of three different AEDs.
Nutritional Support for Idiopathic Epilepsy
- Nutritional support can offer an alternative energy source to the brain.
- Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCTs) can provide an alternative energy source to glucose.
- MCTs can be metabolized in the liver into ketone bodies, which can be used by neurons as energy.
- Specialist believe that MCFA (C-10 decanoic acid) can have an inhibiting effect on epileptic brain storm propagation, blocking neurotransmission excitatory inhibition.
Neurocare
- Neurocare is a scientific approach to supporting canine brain health.
- Dr. Artur Varejão conducted a randomized trial of a medium-chain TAG diet as treatment for dogs with idiopathic epilepsy, resulting in a significant rise of β-hydroxybutyrate in blood and a reduction in epileptic seizures.
Pro Plan Neurocare
- Pro Plan Neurocare is a veterinary diet that supports cerebral function and cognitive function in dogs.
- Indications include idiopathic epilepsy and cognitive dysfunction syndrome.
- Benefits of Pro Plan Neurocare include:
- Supports blood flow, blood pressure, and cerebral function
- Reduces inflammation and supports brain function
- Provides an alternative energy source to the brain
- Reduces oxidative stress in the brain
- Supports ketogenic diet
- Has anti-seizure effects
- Improves cerebral function and cognitive function in dogs with CCDS
This quiz covers the risk factors associated with Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CCDS), including age and breed/sex predisposition. Learn about the likelihood of CCDS in older dogs and more.
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