Anatomy of Canine Abdominal Oblique Muscles
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Questions and Answers

What is the origin of the external abdominal oblique muscle?

  • Ribs 4-13 and thoracolumbar fascia (correct)
  • Ribs 1-3 and thoracolumbar fascia
  • Costal arch, rectus abdominis, and linea alba
  • Tuber coxae, thoracolumbar fascia and inguinal ligament

What is the action of the external abdominal oblique muscle in relation to the vertebral column?

  • Rotation of the vertebral column
  • Extension of the vertebral column
  • Stabilization of the vertebral column
  • Flexion of the vertebral column (correct)

What is the insertion of the external abdominal oblique muscle?

  • Costal arch and rectus abdominis
  • Prepubic tendon and inguinal ligament
  • Tuber coxae and thoracolumbar fascia
  • Linea alba by a wide aponeurosis (correct)

What is the direction of the fibers of the internal abdominal oblique muscle?

<p>Cranioventrally (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the internal abdominal oblique muscle?

<p>Tuber coxae, thoracolumbar fascia and inguinal ligament (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common innervation of the muscles of the abdominal walls?

<p>Ventral branches of thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fiber orientation of the external abdominal oblique m?

<p>Caudoventrally (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the external abdominal oblique muscle in relation to respiration?

<p>Aids in expiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the abdominal muscles?

<p>To facilitate breathing and defecation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the abdominal wall layers?

<p>Scapula (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the inguinal canal (for males specifically).

<p>To house the spermatic cord in males (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure that forms the boundary of the inguinal canal?

<p>Superficial inguinal ring (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cremaster muscle?

<p>To pull the testis closer to the body in response to cold (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the cremaster muscle?

<p>Caudal border of the internal abdominal oblique (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation of the cremaster muscle?

<p>Genitofemoral nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the inguinal canal in clinical importance?

<p>Neutering, cryptorchidism, and inguinal hernias (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that contains the spermatic cord in males?

<p>Vaginal tunic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the feminine counterpart of the vaginal tunic?

<p>Vaginal process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical structure that courses through the superficial inguinal ring? (Hint: noted in males)

<p>Cremaster muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT present in the inguinal canal (for both males and females)?

<p>Pudendal nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What forms the rectus sheath?

<p>Aponeuroses of the external and internal abdominal oblique muscles and transversus abdominis muscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical importance of the rectus sheath?

<p>It is the holding layer when closing the abdomen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the linea alba?

<p>A midventral raphe where the aponeuroses of the left and right abdominal muscles meet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the inguinal ligament?

<p>A ligament that separates the inguinal canal from the vascular lacuna (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the caudal limit of the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique muscle?

<p>The inguinal ligament (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prepubic tendon?

<p>A tendon that attaches the abdominal muscles to the pelvis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the aponeuroses of the external and internal abdominal oblique muscles and transversus abdominis muscle?

<p>They form the rectus sheath (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the superficial inguinal ring?

<p>The opening of the inguinal canal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The abdomen is divided into three main regions. What are they? (State in order)

<p>Cranial, middle and caudal abdominal regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What region(s) make up the cranial abdomen?

<p>Xiphoid and hypochondriac region (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What regions make up the middle abdominal topographic region?

<p>Umbilical and lateral abdominal region (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What regions make up the caudal abdominal region?

<p>Pubic region and Inguinal region (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the direction of the fibers to it’s correct muscle

<p>External abdominal oblique m = Caudoventrally Internal Abdominal oblique m. = Cranioventrally Transversus abdominis m. = Transversely Rectus abdominis m. = Longitudinally</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match insertion to correct muscles

<p>External abdominal oblique m. = Linda alba by a wide aponeurosis Internal abdominal oblique muscle = Costal arch, rectus abdominus, linea alba, and pre pubic tendon Transversus abdominis m. = Linea alba Rectus abdominis m. = First costal cartilage and sternum and pelvis by way of pre pubic tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the origins to correct muscle

<p>External abdominal oblique = Ribs 4-13 and thoracolumbar fascia Internal abdominal oblique muscle = Tuber coxae, thoracolumbar fascia and Inguinal ligament Transversus abdominis m = Medial surfaces of rib 9-13 and transverse process of the lumbar vertebrae Rectus abdominis m. = First costal cartilage and sternum and pelvis by way of pre pubic tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle of the abdominal wall is the deepest abdominal muscle?

<p>Transversus abdominis m. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What 3 borders make up the deep Inguinal ring?

<p>The cranial, medial and latero-caudal border make up the deep Inguinal ring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What muscle participates/contributes to the cranial border of the deep Inguinal ring?

<p>Caudal border of internal abdominal oblique m. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ___________ m. is the muscle considered to be the medial border that contributes to forming the deep Inguinal ring

<p>Rectus abdominus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _____________ is considered the latero-caudal border that participates in forming the deep Inguinal ring.

<p>Inguinal ligament (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What 3 structures make up the deep Inguinal ring?

<p>The rectus abdominis m. , the internal abdominal oblique m and the Inguinal ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature/characteristic makes the superficial Inguinal ring distinct?

<p>It’s covered by thoracolumbar fascia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Abdominal Wall Layers

Four layers: external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, transversus abdominis, and rectus abdominis.

External Abdominal Oblique Origin

Ribs 4-13 and thoracolumbar fascia.

External Abdominal Oblique Insertion

Linea alba via aponeurosis (a flat sheet).

External Abdominal Oblique Innervation

Ventral branches of thoracic and lumbar nerves.

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External Abdominal Oblique Action

Compresses organs, aids breathing & elimination, and bends spine.

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Internal Abdominal Oblique Location

Medial to the external abdominal oblique.

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Internal Abdominal Oblique Fiber Direction

Cranioventrally (up and to the front).

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Internal Abdominal Oblique Origin

Hip bones, back, and groin ligament.

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Internal Abdominal Oblique Insertion

Rib cage, abdominal muscles, pubic area.

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Internal Abdominal Oblique Innervation

Thoracic and lumbar nerves, like the external.

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Internal Abdominal Oblique Action

Supports and compresses abdominal organs.

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Rectus Sheath

Connective tissue layers enclosing the rectus abdominis.

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Linea Alba

Midline seam where abdominal muscles meet.

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Inguinal Ligament

Groin ligament, separating the inguinal canal.

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Superficial Inguinal Ring

Opening in the external oblique's aponeurosis.

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Cremaster Muscle

Muscle that raises the testicle.

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Inguinal Canal

Passageway in the groin.

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Prepubic Tendon

Pubic attachment of abdominal muscles.

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Study Notes

Abdominal Wall and Muscles

  • The abdominal wall consists of four layers: external abdominal oblique muscle, internal abdominal oblique muscle, transversus abdominis muscle, and rectus abdominis muscle.
  • The muscles of the abdominal wall function to compress the abdominal viscera, aid in expiration, urination, and defecation, and flex the vertebral column.

External Abdominal Oblique Muscle

  • Origin: ribs 4-13 and thoracolumbar fascia
  • Insertion: linea alba by a wide aponeurosis
  • Innervation: ventral branches of thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves
  • Action: compression of the abdominal viscera, aids in expiration, urination, defecation, parturition, and flexion of the vertebral column

Internal Abdominal Oblique Muscle

  • Location: medial to the external abdominal oblique muscle
  • Fiber direction: cranioventrally
  • Origin: tuber coxae, thoracolumbar fascia, and inguinal ligament
  • Insertion: costal arch, rectus abdominis, linea alba, and prepubic tendon
  • Innervation: ventral branches of thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves
  • Action: compression and support of the abdominal viscera

Rectus Sheath

  • Formed by aponeuroses of the external abdominal oblique muscle, internal abdominal oblique muscle, and transversus abdominis muscle
  • Clinical importance: the holding layer when closing the abdomen

Linea Alba

  • Midventral raphe (seam) where the aponeuroses of the left and right abdominal muscles meet
  • A thick, white, fibrous structure that runs from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis

Inguinal Ligament

  • Separates the inguinal canal from the vascular lacuna
  • Caudal limit of the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique muscle

Superficial Inguinal Ring

  • Formed by the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique muscle
  • Contains the spermatic cord, cremaster muscle, and vaginal process

Prepubic Tendon

  • Strong attachment of abdominal muscles to the pelvis
  • Contains several structures: external pudendal artery and vein, genitofemoral nerve, lymphatics, and the vaginal process (in females)

Inguinal Canal

  • Clinical importance: neutering, cryptorchidism, and inguinal hernias

Cremaster Muscle

  • Origin: caudal border of the internal abdominal oblique muscle
  • Innervation: genitofemoral nerve
  • Action: pulls the testis closer to the body in response to cold

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This quiz covers the external and internal abdominal oblique muscles in canine anatomy, including their location and functions.

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