Cardiovascular System Study Guide

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Which of the following accurately describes the purpose of a cardiovascular study guide's 'Definition/Identification' section?

To enable learners to define key terms and identify anatomical structures. (correct)
To provide a detailed history of cardiovascular research milestones.
To compare and contrast different cardiovascular diseases based on incidence rates.
To outline the future directions of cardiovascular medicine.

The 'Definition/Identification' section in a cardiovascular study guide solely focuses on defining terms without any reference to anatomical structures.

False (B)

In the context of a cardiovascular study guide, what is the dual purpose of the 'Definition/Identification' section?

to define key terms and identify anatomical structures

The 'Definition/Identification' section requires students to be able to _ terms and locate structures on a .

define; figure Signup and view all the answers

Match the following study guide aspects with their descriptions:

Definition = Understanding and explaining the meaning of specific terms. Identification = Being able to locate specific structures on a diagram or figure. Cardiovascular = Relating to the heart and blood vessels. Study guide = A resource used to prepare for an exam or learning objective. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately compares cardiac muscle to skeletal muscle?

Unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle cells are connected by intercalated discs and function as a functional syncytium. (D) Signup and view all the answers

The sinoatrial (SA) node reaches threshold spontaneously due to a constant influx of sodium ions, leading to a gradual depolarization.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is ventricular fibrillation more dangerous than atrial fibrillation?

Ventricular fibrillation prevents the ventricles from effectively pumping blood, leading to a rapid drop in blood pressure and potential cardiac arrest. Signup and view all the answers

The ______ carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

pulmonary artery Signup and view all the answers

Match the ECG wave/interval with the corresponding electrical event in the heart:

P wave = Atrial depolarization QRS complex = Ventricular depolarization T wave = Ventricular repolarization PR interval = Time from atrial depolarization to ventricular depolarization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of cardiac muscle that allows the heart to function as a coordinated pump?

Cardiac muscle cells are connected by gap junctions, forming a functional syncytium. (B) Signup and view all the answers

The fibrous pericardium is the layer directly adhered to the surface of the heart.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the atrioventricular (AV) valves within the heart?

Prevent backflow of blood from the ventricles into the atria during ventricular contraction. Signup and view all the answers

The sinoatrial (SA) node is known as the heart's natural ________ because it initiates the electrical impulses that drive the cardiac cycle.

pacemaker Signup and view all the answers

Match each component of the cardiac conduction system (CCS) with its function:

SA Node = Initiates the electrical impulse AV Node = Delays the impulse to allow atrial contraction Bundle Branches = Conduct impulses through the interventricular septum Purkinje Fibers = Distribute impulses to ventricular myocardium Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the sequence of blood flow through the heart?

Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta (B) Signup and view all the answers

Tachycardia always indicates a life-threatening condition.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between diastole and systole in the cardiac cycle, and how do they affect blood flow?

Diastole is the relaxation phase where the heart fills with blood, while systole is the contraction phase where the heart pumps blood out. They alternate to ensure continuous blood flow. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the primary advantage of a closed circulatory system compared to an open circulatory system?

More efficient and precise delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Arteries have thicker walls than veins primarily to withstand the higher blood pressure generated by the heart.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Describe how skeletal muscle contractions aid in venous return, and explain why this mechanism is less effective in the absence of valves.

Skeletal muscle contractions compress veins, pushing blood towards the heart. Valves prevent backflow, ensuring unidirectional movement. Without valves, blood would flow both ways, reducing the effectiveness of the return. Signup and view all the answers

An increase in blood viscosity will lead to a(n) _______ in peripheral resistance, assuming other factors remain constant.

increase Signup and view all the answers

Match the capillary type with its typical location and structural feature:

Continuous Capillary = Muscle, skin; tight junctions, intercellular clefts Fenestrated Capillary = Kidney, small intestine; fenestrations (pores) Sinusoidal Capillary = Liver, bone marrow; large intercellular clefts, incomplete basement membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does not directly influence peripheral resistance?

Heart rate (A) Signup and view all the answers

Vasoconstriction decreases blood pressure by increasing the diameter of blood vessels.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of baroreceptors in blood pressure regulation?

detect changes in blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

The mean arterial pressure (MAP) can be calculated using the formula: MAP = ______ + (Diastolic Pressure / 3).

Diastolic Pressure Signup and view all the answers

Match each capillary type with its structural characteristic:

Continuous Capillary = Tight junctions with few intercellular clefts Fenestrated Capillary = Pores that allow for high permeability Sinusoid = Large intercellular gaps and incomplete basement membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of a blood vessel is primarily responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

Tunica media (D) Signup and view all the answers

Arteries typically have thinner walls and larger lumens compared to veins.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What two primary mechanisms are used to alter blood pressure in the body?

vasoconstriction and vasodilation Signup and view all the answers

Cardiac output (CO) is calculated by multiplying ______ by stroke volume (SV).

heart rate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of albumin in systemic circulation?

Maintaining osmotic pressure (A) Signup and view all the answers

Heart

The central pump of the circulatory system, responsible for propelling blood throughout the body.

Artery

A vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the body's tissues.

Vein

A vessel that carries blood towards the heart from the body's tissues.

Capillary

The smallest blood vessels, facilitating the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between blood and tissues.