Cardiovascular System Anatomy and Physiology Overview

The thin layer of endothelial tissue lining the heart chambers and valves.

The heart consists of two atria and two ventricles: left and right.

The blood-tight partition separating the left and right heart.

Valves that separate atria and ventricles, preventing backflow.

The heart's filling phase when valves allow blood to flow into the ventricles.

Valves located between the ventricles and arteries: pulmonic and aortic.

The phase of the heartbeat when the heart contracts and pumps blood.

An abnormal heart sound caused by turbulent blood flow.

A node that transmits electrical impulses between the atria and ventricles of the heart.

The heart's natural pacemaker that initiates the heartbeat.

A collection of heart muscle cells that transmits impulses from the AV node to the ventricles.

Fibers that carry the action potential to the myocardial cells of the ventricles.

The part of an ECG representing ventricular depolarization.

Sounds made during the heartbeat, typically described as 'lub' and 'dub'.

A heart valve that allows blood to flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery.

Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart's left atrium.

A valve that controls blood flow between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

The chamber of the heart responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the body.

The sequence of events in the heart during one heartbeat, including contraction and relaxation.

The sound produced when the semilunar valves close, commonly known as 'dub.'

An extra heart sound heard during rapid ventricular filling; normal in younger individuals but indicates overload in older adults.

An extra heart sound during atrial contraction; indicates decreased compliance in older adults.

The sum of LDL, HDL, and a portion of triglycerides in the blood.

Often referred to as 'bad cholesterol,' contributing to plaque buildup in arteries.

Known as 'good cholesterol' because it helps remove other forms of cholesterol from the bloodstream.

A type of fat found in the blood, important for energy storage but can cause problems if elevated.

Conditions causing extra workload on the heart, leading to abnormal heart sounds like S3 and S4.

A gap between the atria allowing fetal blood flow from right to left atrium.

A vessel connecting pulmonary artery to aorta in fetal circulation.

Blood flow from the heart to the lungs and back for oxygenation.

Blood flow from the heart throughout the body and back.

The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute.

The thickening and hardening of arterial walls with age.

The position of an infant's heart is more horizontal than in adults.

High levels of fat in the blood, which can be genetic.

High-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol, often called 'good' cholesterol, helps remove other forms of cholesterol from the bloodstream.

Levels of triglycerides in men increase until age 50 and then decline.

During pregnancy, total blood volume increases by 30% to 40% due to various cardiovascular changes.

Intermittent chest pain caused by temporary oxygen deficiency and myocardial ischemia.

A type of angina that occurs during increased heart workload such as exertion or stress.

A form of angina that is unpredictable and occurs even at rest, indicating more severe heart conditions.

In pregnancy, cholesterol levels increase by approximately 30 to 40 mg/dL.

Dietary therapy is preferred over drug therapy for pregnant patients experiencing heart issues.