Cardiovascular System: Heart Anatomy Chapter 19

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What is the function of the atria in the heart?

Hold blood and empty into atria

Connect to the pulmonary trunk and aorta

Collect blood and push it into lower chambers (correct)

Pump blood out to the body or lungs

Which structure separates the heart from other structures?

Sulci

Pericardium (correct)

Epicardium

Auricles

Where is the base of the heart located in relation to the apex?

Inferior and medial

Inferior and lateral

Superior and lateral

Superior and medial (correct)

Which layer of the heart produces lubricating fluid?

Epicardium Signup and view all the answers

Which vessels attach at the base of the heart?

Superior vena cava and aorta Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ventricles in the heart?

Pump blood out to the body or lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the long refractory period in the heart?

To allow Ca++ channels to close and K+ channels to open Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Ca++ ions in muscle contraction?

Allowing the myosin and actin cross-bridge Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the heart's electrical conduction system fires the slowest?

Purkinje fibers Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of electrodes placed on the body during an ECG?

To record electrical signals of the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of AEDs in relation to heart health?

To correct fibrillations Signup and view all the answers

What does an artificial pacemaker do?

Delivers electrical impulses to ensure effective heart contractions Signup and view all the answers

Where does the sinoatrial (SA) node set the normal cardiac rhythm?

In the superior and posterior wall of the right atrium Signup and view all the answers

What are the cells that initiate and propagate the action potential through the heart?

Myocardial conducting cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the major function of desmosomes in cardiac muscle cells?

Provide structure and prevent muscle cell tearing Signup and view all the answers

Which structure branches into the right and left bundle branches?

Bundle of His Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the plateau phase of cardiac contractile cells?

Na+ channels close, Ca++ channels open, and K+ channels close Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of semilunar valves in the heart?

Ensure unidirectional blood flow Signup and view all the answers

Which structure separates the heart into chambers and has physical extensions of myocardium?

Septum Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells conduct impulses and contract to pump blood through the body?

Muscle contractile cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of endothelium in the cardiovascular system?

Produce endothelins for vasoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber of the heart pushes oxygenated blood into the aorta?

Left ventricle Signup and view all the answers

During which phase do semilunar valves make an audible sound as they close?

Contractile phase Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of valve disorders in the heart?

Inflammation Signup and view all the answers