24 Questions
What happens to the Ca++ channels at 0mV during repolarization?
They close
Which component of the ECG represents the depolarization of the ventricles?
QRS complex
What is the purpose of an artificial pacemaker in the heart?
To deliver electrical impulses for effective contractions
What happens if the SA node were to fire 100 times per minute?
It would lead to a higher heart rate
How do slow Ca++ channels contribute to cardiac function?
By allowing for a plateau phase
What is the primary function of AEDs (Automated External Defibrillators) in cardiac emergencies?
To deliver corrective shocks for fibrillations
What is the function of the atria in the heart?
Collect blood and push it into lower chambers
Which structure is superior and medial to the apex of the heart?
Base
What is the primary function of the myocardium?
Contains muscle cells, nerve fibers, and blood vessels
Which vessel is the only artery to carry deoxygenated blood?
Pulmonary artery
Where are the great veins (superior and inferior vena cava) and arteries (aorta and pulmonary trunk) attached to the heart?
At the base
Which layer of the heart produces lubricating fluid?
Epicardium
What is the main function of endothelins released by the endothelium?
Regulate growth patterns of cardiac muscle cells
Which of the following statements about the septum is correct?
Physical extensions of the myocardium are present in it
What structures close the tricuspid valve to prevent backward flow into the right atrium?
Papillary muscles
Which chamber of the heart has a thicker muscle and no moderator band?
Left ventricle
What is the primary purpose of valves in the heart?
To ensure unidirectional blood flow
Which statement about semilunar valves is accurate?
They separate ventricles from blood vessels
What is the purpose of anastomosis in coronary circulation?
To provide collateral circulation in case of blockages
What defines myocardial conducting cells from myocardial contractile cells?
% involved in initiating and conducting action potentials
Where are T-tubules predominantly located in cardiac muscle cells?
At Z discs
What is the main role of desmosomes in cardiac muscle cells?
To prevent cardiac muscle cells from ripping apart during contractions
Which structure functions as the normal pacemaker of the heart?
Sinoatrial node (SA node)
What is the significance of plateau phase in cardiac contractile cells?
It maintains a sustained contraction to push blood effectively
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the heart with this quiz focusing on Chapter 19.1 of the Cardiovascular System. Questions cover the location of the heart, its surrounding structures like the mediastinum and pericardium, as well as the attachment points for major veins and arteries.
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